如何理解人的主体性

回到康德：清理黑格尔思想余毒及其马克思化后果

Kant’s philosophy provides a robust framework for understanding the enduring impact of Hegelian thought and its Marxian ramifications. By revisiting Kant’s ideas, we can critically assess how these concepts continue to shape contemporary theoretical discourse.

退一步不是退一步

退一步并非退却，而是从驱动系统中抽离。当人在困境中，需要让失控的反馈系统停下，才能重新获得判断和自由。只有在内部力量降速后，我们才能看到真正的海阔天空。

如何学习康德哲学

康德哲学的核心在于构建先验结构，使经验成为知识，并为道德和行动设定先验条件。通过纯粹理性批判，康德揭示了知识和实践理性的统一，强调理性在认识和道德中的核心作用。

西方哲学中的道德来源

思想路线代表人物道德来源核心判断神命论奥古斯丁上帝或神圣意志善来自上帝的命令或神圣秩序。自然法阿奎纳、洛克人的自然本性与目的善是符合人的自然目的和理性秩序。德性伦理学亚里士多德人的完善与幸福生活道德不是规则优先，而是成为一个有德性的人。道德情感论休谟、亚当·斯密同情、赞许、怜悯等情感道德判断来自人的情感结构。 … More

国学批判：脱离结构的传统只是道德训诫

儒家文化在现代中国面临重构，其核心在于关系而非个人自由。传统结构的瓦解导致国学观念空洞化，需重新理解其社会背景。

赫拉克利特：生平与主要哲学思想

Heraclitus, an early Greek philosopher from Ephesus, emphasized the constant flow and change of reality, famously articulating that one cannot step into the same river twice. He believed in a deeper order called logos, coexisting with change. His philosophy asserts that opposites generate harmony and that conflict is integral to existence, challenging traditional notions of stability and order.

泰勒斯：生平与主要哲学思想

Thales of Miletus, a key figure in ancient Greek philosophy, proposed water as the fundamental principle of all things and shifted explanations from mythology to nature. He emphasized that nature is ordered and intelligible, laying the groundwork for rational inquiry. His approach marked the beginning of Western philosophy and the search for unified principles.

被终结的垄断：当“信念”不再是知识的入场券

The book Justification and Knowledge addresses the “Gettier problem,” proposing a framework that emphasizes the dynamic interplay of belief, logic, and knowledge, including AI’s role in redefining truth.

你眼中的红，是我眼中的红吗？

探寻“感质”与认知的边界，哲学家弗兰克·杰克逊的“色觉科学家玛丽”实验揭示，主观体验与知识并非完全一致。即便物理规律掌握，感质仍独立存在，强调社会协作中的逻辑一致性。