Although the four Gospels all record the life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus, they differ significantly in authorship, date of composition, and literary style.

The Gospel of John, one of the four Gospels, centers on the theme of “The Word became flesh.” It emphasizes that Jesus is the Son of God, the source of life, and the only way to the Father. The book has 21 chapters and can be divided into:

By the Sea of Galilee, Jesus appears to his disciples for the third time, granting them a miraculous catch and sharing breakfast with them. He restores Peter by asking three times, “Do you love me?” and commands him to feed his sheep, predicting his future martyrdom. When Peter inquires about the beloved disciple’s future, Jesus emphasizes that Peter must simply follow him. The Gospel closes affirming the truth of its testimony, noting that Jesus’ works far exceed what could be recorded.

Early on the first day, Mary Magdalene finds the empty tomb and later sees the risen Jesus, who sends her to tell the disciples. That evening, Jesus appears to his disciples, giving them peace and the Holy Spirit. Thomas doubts until he sees and touches Jesus’ wounds, then confesses, “My Lord and my God.” Jesus blesses those who believe without seeing. The author states his purpose: that readers may believe Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and have life in his name.

Jesus is flogged, mocked with a crown of thorns, and condemned under pressure from the Jews. Pilate finds no guilt but delivers him to be crucified at Golgotha with two others. Soldiers cast lots for his garments, fulfilling Scripture. Jesus entrusts his mother to the beloved disciple and, after saying “It is finished,” gives up his spirit. His side is pierced, bringing blood and water, again fulfilling Scripture. Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus bury him in a new tomb.

In Gethsemane, Jesus is arrested, and Peter denies him three times, fulfilling the prophecy. Jesus is brought before Caiaphas and Pilate, declaring that his kingdom is not of this world and that he came to testify to the truth. Pilate finds no basis for charges but, pressured by the Jews, prepares to release Barabbas instead of Jesus.

Before his arrest, Jesus prays to the Father, asking to be glorified and to glorify the Father. He intercedes for his disciples, asking the Father to protect them, make them holy through truth, and unite them as one. He also prays for all future believers, that they may be united and display God’s love to the world. This chapter highlights Jesus’ oneness with the Father and his deep love and concern for his followers.

Jesus foretells the disciples’ persecution but assures them that the Holy Spirit will come to convict the world and guide them into truth. He explains his departure and return, promising their grief will turn to joy. He teaches that prayers in his name will be answered. He concludes with the triumphant words: “Take heart! I have overcome the world.”

Jesus uses the image of the vine and branches to teach that believers must remain in him to bear fruit. True disciples are called to love one another, even to the point of laying down their lives. Jesus calls them friends, not servants, for he has revealed the Father’s will to them. He warns that the world will hate and persecute them, but promises that the Holy Spirit, the Advocate, will testify about him, and they too must bear witness.