Although the four Gospels all record the life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus, they differ significantly in authorship, date of composition, and literary style.

The Gospel of John, one of the four Gospels, centers on the theme of “The Word became flesh.” It emphasizes that Jesus is the Son of God, the source of life, and the only way to the Father. The book has 21 chapters and can be divided into:

By the Sea of Galilee, Jesus appears to his disciples for the third time, granting them a miraculous catch and sharing breakfast with them. He restores Peter by asking three times, “Do you love me?” and commands him to feed his sheep, predicting his future martyrdom. When Peter inquires about the beloved disciple’s future, Jesus emphasizes that Peter must simply follow him. The Gospel closes affirming the truth of its testimony, noting that Jesus’ works far exceed what could be recorded.

Early on the first day, Mary Magdalene finds the empty tomb and later sees the risen Jesus, who sends her to tell the disciples. That evening, Jesus appears to his disciples, giving them peace and the Holy Spirit. Thomas doubts until he sees and touches Jesus’ wounds, then confesses, “My Lord and my God.” Jesus blesses those who believe without seeing. The author states his purpose: that readers may believe Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and have life in his name.

Jesus is flogged, mocked with a crown of thorns, and condemned under pressure from the Jews. Pilate finds no guilt but delivers him to be crucified at Golgotha with two others. Soldiers cast lots for his garments, fulfilling Scripture. Jesus entrusts his mother to the beloved disciple and, after saying “It is finished,” gives up his spirit. His side is pierced, bringing blood and water, again fulfilling Scripture. Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus bury him in a new tomb.