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Geoffrey Chen

Where life, thought, and technology meet

  • Philosophy Notes
    • Roadly Philosophy
    • Philosophical Concepts
    • Western Philosophers
      • Kant
      • Hegel
      • Understanding Philosophy: Figures, Problems, and Ideas
    • Western Philosophy 50 Questions
    • Applied Philosophy
      • How Civilizations Remain Themselves: Series Overview and Reading Map
      • The Future Has No Representative
      • Who Maintains the World?
    • Everyday Philosophy
    • Sustenesis Theory
      • Daily Sustenesis Structure
      • Sustenesis Daily Briefing
      • Sustenesis Research Brief
      • My Philosophy
      • AI Philosophy Observations
  • Mind & Psychology
    • How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape: Season One Overview
    • How Do We Read Other People? — How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape, Season Two
    • Everyday Psychology
  • Reading Notes
    • Daoist Notes
    • Bible Notes
    • Jung’s The Red Book Reading Notes
    • 100 Works of World Literature
    • Modern European History: From Revolution to World War
    • Other Reading Notes
    • Daily Fun with Maths, Physics and Chemistry
    • One Classical Chinese Sentence a Day
    • One Concept a Day
  • Reflections
    • Knowledge Life
    • How a Person Builds a World
    • Toy Memoir
  • AI
    • AI Technology Observations
    • How Digital Life Actually Works
    • Judgment in the Age of AI: 50 Everyday Questions
    • After AI Enters the Workflow
    • Choosing the Right AI Tool
    • Daily AI Observation
    • When Numbers Start Making Decisions — Season One Overview: Life on Either Side of the Threshold
    • AI and the Way People Work
  • Australian Life
    • Australia Life Tools
    • How Australian Systems Work
    • Why Do Australians Say It This Way?
    • One English Sentence a Day
    • Australian Towns
  • Projects
  • Piano
    • Music Listening Notes
    • Hear the Melody
    • Hear the Chord
    • Hear the Voices
    • Piano Theory
    • Piano Sheet Music
    • A Listening Map of 50 Piano Works
    • 88 Pianists
    • Building a Piano Piece: From First Reading to Reliable Performance
    • Hearing Mathematics
    • Notes on Adult Piano Learning
    • Western Music
  • Ear Training
  • A Map of Ideas
  • Ask Geoff
  • Contact Me
  • About

Category: Philosophical Concepts

A curated set of core philosophical concepts explained simply. Each article covers one idea—like truth, consciousness, or free will—its meaning, key debates, and relevance to AI, science, and society, with links for deeper exploration.

Duality: Why Can One Problem Have Two Translatable Forms?

Conceptual Structure, Duality, Optimisation, 对偶性, 概念结构, 优化

Does a Bad Outcome Prove the Decision Was Wrong?

Decision Theory, 道德运气, Moral Luck, 决策理论

Commitment Devices: Why Can Limiting Future Choice Increase Freedom?

Commitment Devices, 自我调节, Self-Regulation, 承诺装置

Does Finding an Unattended Object Make It Yours?

财产权, Possession, Property, 占有

Common-Cause Failure: Why Can Two Backups Fail Together?

Common-Cause Failure, Redundancy, 共因失效, 冗余

Can an Outcome Be Unjust Without Discriminatory Intent?

结构性不公, Political Responsibility, Structural Injustice, 政治责任

Scalability: Why Doesn’t Adding Resources Always Increase Capacity?

系统思维, Scalability, Systems Thinking, 可扩展性

Does Respecting a Person Require Respecting Their View?

Disagreement, Respect, 分歧, 尊重

Complementarity: Why Can One Capability Make Another More Valuable?

Complementarity, 系统思维, Systems Thinking, 互补性

Do We Deserve the Advantages That Come from Talent?

道德应得, Moral Desert, Talent, 天赋

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