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Geoffrey Chen

Where life, thought, and technology meet

  • Philosophy Notes
    • Philosophical Concepts
    • Western Philosophers
      • Kant
      • Hegel
      • Understanding Philosophy: Figures, Problems, and Ideas
    • Western Philosophy 50 Questions
    • Applied Philosophy
      • How Civilizations Remain Themselves: Series Overview and Reading Map
      • The Future Has No Representative
      • Who Maintains the World?
    • Everyday Philosophy
    • Sustenesis Theory
      • Sustenesis Daily Briefing
      • Sustenesis Research Brief
      • My Philosophy
      • AI Philosophy Observations
  • Mind & Psychology
    • How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape: Season One Overview
    • How Do We Read Other People? — How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape, Season Two
    • Everyday Psychology
  • Reading Notes
    • Daoist Notes
    • Bible Notes
    • Jung’s The Red Book Reading Notes
    • 100 Works of World Literature
    • Modern European History: From Revolution to World War
    • Other Reading Notes
    • Daily Fun with Maths, Physics and Chemistry
    • One Classical Chinese Sentence a Day
    • One Concept a Day
  • Reflections
    • Knowledge Life
    • How a Person Builds a World
    • Toy Memoir
  • AI
    • AI Technology Observations
    • How Digital Life Actually Works
    • Judgment in the Age of AI: 50 Everyday Questions
    • After AI Enters the Workflow
    • Choosing the Right AI Tool
    • Daily AI Observation
    • When Numbers Start Making Decisions — Season One Overview: Life on Either Side of the Threshold
    • AI and the Way People Work
  • Australian Life
    • How Australian Systems Work
    • Why Do Australians Say It This Way?
    • One English Sentence a Day
    • Australian Towns
  • Projects
  • Piano
    • Piano Sheet Music
    • A Listening Map of 50 Piano Works
    • 88 Pianists
    • Building a Piano Piece: From First Reading to Reliable Performance
    • Hearing Mathematics
    • Notes on Adult Piano Learning
    • Western Music
  • A Map of Ideas
  • Ask Geoff
  • Contact Me
  • About

Category: Philosophical Concepts

A curated set of core philosophical concepts explained simply. Each article covers one idea—like truth, consciousness, or free will—its meaning, key debates, and relevance to AI, science, and society, with links for deeper exploration.

Does a Signature Without Understanding Count as Genuine Consent?

Autonomy, 知情同意, 自主, Informed Consent

Delegation: Why Does Transferring Authority Not Erase Responsibility?

Delegation, 责任, Responsibility, 委托

Can an Unpublished Rule Fairly Bind People?

规则公开, Publicity, Rule of Law, 法治

Slack: Why Isn’t Unused Capacity Necessarily Waste?

Capacity, Slack, 容量, 余量

When Does Missing Evidence Support Absence?

epistemology, Evidence, 认识论, 证据, Inference, 推断

Isolation: Why Must Shared Systems Limit Mutual Interference?

系统边界, 隔离, Isolation, System Boundaries

When Everyone Does Only One Part, Who Is Responsible for the Whole?

Collective Responsibility, 道德主体性, 集体责任, Moral Agency

Backoff: Why Shouldn’t We Retry Immediately After Failure?

Backoff, Distributed Systems, 退避, 分布式系统

Can Emotions for Fictional Characters Be Real?

Emotion, 虚构悖论, Paradox of Fiction, 情绪

Friction: Why Can One Extra Step Improve a Decision?

Decision Design, Friction, 决策设计, 摩擦

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