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Geoffrey Chen

Where life, thought, and technology meet

  • Philosophy Notes
    • Philosophical Concepts
    • Western Philosophers
      • Kant
      • Hegel
      • Understanding Philosophy: Figures, Problems, and Ideas
    • Western Philosophy 50 Questions
    • Applied Philosophy
      • How Civilizations Remain Themselves: Series Overview and Reading Map
      • The Future Has No Representative
      • Who Maintains the World?
    • Everyday Philosophy
    • Sustenesis Theory
      • Sustenesis Daily Briefing
      • Sustenesis Research Brief
      • My Philosophy
      • AI Philosophy Observations
  • Mind & Psychology
    • How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape: Season One Overview
    • How Do We Read Other People? — How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape, Season Two
    • Everyday Psychology
  • Reading Notes
    • Daoist Notes
    • Bible Notes
    • Jung’s The Red Book Reading Notes
    • 100 Works of World Literature
    • Modern European History: From Revolution to World War
    • Other Reading Notes
    • Daily Fun with Maths, Physics and Chemistry
    • One Classical Chinese Sentence a Day
    • One Concept a Day
  • Reflections
    • Knowledge Life
    • How a Person Builds a World
    • Toy Memoir
  • AI
    • AI Technology Observations
    • How Digital Life Actually Works
    • Judgment in the Age of AI: 50 Everyday Questions
    • After AI Enters the Workflow
    • Choosing the Right AI Tool
    • Daily AI Observation
    • When Numbers Start Making Decisions — Season One Overview: Life on Either Side of the Threshold
    • AI and the Way People Work
  • Australian Life
    • How Australian Systems Work
    • Why Do Australians Say It This Way?
    • One English Sentence a Day
    • Australian Towns
  • Projects
  • Piano
    • Piano Sheet Music
    • A Listening Map of 50 Piano Works
    • 88 Pianists
    • Building a Piano Piece: From First Reading to Reliable Performance
    • Hearing Mathematics
    • Notes on Adult Piano Learning
    • Western Music
  • A Map of Ideas
  • Ask Geoff
  • Contact Me
  • About

Category: Philosophical Concepts

A curated set of core philosophical concepts explained simply. Each article covers one idea—like truth, consciousness, or free will—its meaning, key debates, and relevance to AI, science, and society, with links for deeper exploration.

Must an Unjust Law Still Be Obeyed?

Civil Disobedience, Political Obligation, 公民抗命, 政治义务

Debouncing: Why Wait for Input to Settle Before Acting?

Debouncing, Interaction Design, 去抖, 交互设计

Must Tolerance Include Those Who Reject Tolerance?

Karl Popper, Open Society, Tolerance, 卡尔·波普尔, 宽容, 开放社会

Grace Period: Why Leave Time Before a Rule Takes Full Effect?

Adaptation, 适应, 规则, Grace Period, Rules, 宽限期

Does Making the Better-Off Worse Improve Equality?

Distributive Justice, Equality, Levelling Down, 分配正义, 向下拉平, 平等

Liveness: Why Does the Absence of Failure Not Guarantee Progress?

Concurrency, 系统设计, Liveness, System Design, 并发, 活性

Does an Author’s Intention Settle a Work’s Meaning?

Authorial Intention, Interpretation, 文本解释, 作者意图

Mutual Exclusion: Why Should Shared State Have Only One Editor at a Time?

Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion, 并发, 互斥

Does a Friendship Based on Usefulness Count as Real Friendship?

Aristotle, Friendship, 友谊, 亚里士多德

Quorum: Why Can’t a Few Attendees Decide for the Whole Group?

Collective Decision Making, 集体决策, Quorum, 法定人数

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