Sustenesis Theory reframes the hard problem of consciousness, arguing that the difficulty arises from traditional philosophy’s isolation of the subject. Instead of viewing consciousness as an internal mystery, it is seen as reflexive integration within living systems, where experiences are formed through the interaction of internal states and external environments.

The debate over whether AI has consciousness revolves around the unclear definition of consciousness itself. While AI exhibits consciousness-like characteristics, it lacks the subjective experience and essential elements of human consciousness, such as emotions and survival pressure. Sustenesis Theory redefines consciousness, highlighting its structural nature rather than viewing it as an isolated entity.

Sustenesis Theory proposes that existence is defined by the maintenance of structure rather than the presence of a fixed essence. It emphasizes that a thing forms its identity through ongoing organization, constraints, and structural stability, rather than through static characteristics. This perspective reshapes philosophical inquiries into existence, knowledge, and organization.