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Geoffrey Chen

Where life, thought, and technology meet

  • Philosophy Notes
    • Roadly Philosophy
    • Philosophical Concepts
    • Western Philosophers
      • Kant
      • Hegel
      • Understanding Philosophy: Figures, Problems, and Ideas
    • Western Philosophy 50 Questions
    • Applied Philosophy
      • How Civilizations Remain Themselves: Series Overview and Reading Map
      • The Future Has No Representative
      • Who Maintains the World?
    • Everyday Philosophy
    • Sustenesis Theory
      • Daily Sustenesis Structure
      • Sustenesis Daily Briefing
      • Sustenesis Research Brief
      • My Philosophy
      • AI Philosophy Observations
  • Mind & Psychology
    • How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape: Season One Overview
    • How Do We Read Other People? — How Everyday Psychology Takes Shape, Season Two
    • Everyday Psychology
  • Reading Notes
    • Daoist Notes
    • Bible Notes
    • Jung’s The Red Book Reading Notes
    • 100 Works of World Literature
    • Modern European History: From Revolution to World War
    • Other Reading Notes
    • Daily Fun with Maths, Physics and Chemistry
    • One Classical Chinese Sentence a Day
    • One Concept a Day
  • Reflections
    • Knowledge Life
    • How a Person Builds a World
    • Toy Memoir
  • AI
    • AI Technology Observations
    • How Digital Life Actually Works
    • Judgment in the Age of AI: 50 Everyday Questions
    • After AI Enters the Workflow
    • Choosing the Right AI Tool
    • Daily AI Observation
    • When Numbers Start Making Decisions — Season One Overview: Life on Either Side of the Threshold
    • AI and the Way People Work
  • Australian Life
    • Australia Life Tools
    • How Australian Systems Work
    • Why Do Australians Say It This Way?
    • One English Sentence a Day
    • Australian Towns
  • Projects
  • Piano
    • Music Listening Notes
    • Hear the Melody
    • Hear the Chord
    • Hear the Voices
    • Piano Theory
    • Piano Sheet Music
    • A Listening Map of 50 Piano Works
    • 88 Pianists
    • Building a Piano Piece: From First Reading to Reliable Performance
    • Hearing Mathematics
    • Notes on Adult Piano Learning
    • Western Music
  • Ear Training
  • A Map of Ideas
  • Ask Geoff
  • Contact Me
  • About
  • The Jensen Huang Collection

Category: Philosophical Concepts

A curated set of core philosophical concepts explained simply. Each article covers one idea—like truth, consciousness, or free will—its meaning, key debates, and relevance to AI, science, and society, with links for deeper exploration.

Eventual Consistency: Why Can Temporary Disagreement Still Be Correct?

Distributed Systems, Eventual Consistency, 分布式系统, 最终一致性

Are We Responsible for a Character We Did Not Choose?

Constitutive Luck, 道德责任, Moral Responsibility, 构成性运气

Normalisation: Why Should One Fact Not Be Stored Everywhere?

Data Integrity, Data Normalisation, 数据规范化, 数据完整性

Does Boredom Show That Life Is Meaningless?

Boredom, 生命意义, Meaning in Life, 无聊

Latent Variables: How Can Unseen Structure Enter a Model?

Latent Variables, Models, 模型, 潜变量

Does a Lack of Evidence Against a Claim Make It True?

Appeal to Ignorance, Burden of Proof, 诉诸无知, 举证责任

Cohesion: Why Should Work That Belongs Together Stay Together?

Cohesion, 系统设计, System Design, 内聚

When Does Discounting Someone’s Word Become Epistemic Injustice?

Epistemic Injustice, 认识不公, 证词, Testimony

Audit Trail: Why Must We Be Able to Reconstruct Who Did What?

Accountability, Audit Trail, 可追责性, 审计轨迹

Is Allowing Harm the Same as Causing It?

Doing and Allowing Harm, 造成与放任损害, 道德责任, Moral Responsibility

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