{"id":19280,"date":"2026-09-06T01:53:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T15:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/is-foreseeing-harm-the-same-as-intending-it\/"},"modified":"2026-10-10T19:38:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T08:38:33","slug":"is-foreseeing-harm-the-same-as-intending-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/is-foreseeing-harm-the-same-as-intending-it\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9884\u89c1\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/public-assets.geoffreychen.com\/wordpress\/articles\/is-foreseeing-harm-the-same-as-intending-it\/939103e0848b1a135aa06fd4.jpg?w=1140&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u9884\u89c1\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u5417\uff1f\" 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href=\"https:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/summa\/3064.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/summa\/3064.htm<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/double-effect\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/double-effect\/<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"roadly-philosophy-promotion\">\n<hr>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/app\/id6815896028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/roadly-philosophy-app-icon-1.jpg?resize=72%2C72&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Roadly Philosophy\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" style=\"display:block;width:72px;height:72px;border-radius:16px;\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Roadly Philosophy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a5\u89e6\u54f2\u5b66\uff1f\u8bd5\u8bd5\u6211\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 iPhone \u54f2\u5b66\u6e38\u620f Roadly Philosophy\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/app\/id6815896028\" aria-label=\"\u5728 App Store \u4e0b\u8f7d: Roadly Philosophy\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:12px 0;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/roadly-app-store-badge-zh-cn-hires.png?resize=150%2C50&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u5728 App Store \u4e0b\u8f7d\" width=\"150\" height=\"50\" style=\"display:block;width:150px;height:50px;max-width:100%;border:0;\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"Foreseeing harm differs from intending it as an end or means, but necessity, proportionality, alternatives and responsibility still require 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