{"id":18677,"date":"2026-08-29T11:05:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T01:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/externalities-shift-effects-beyond-the-decision-maker\/"},"modified":"2026-08-29T11:05:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T01:05:45","slug":"externalities-shift-effects-beyond-the-decision-maker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/externalities-shift-effects-beyond-the-decision-maker\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u7531\u522b\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u679c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

\"\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u7531\u522b\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u679c\uff1f\"<\/p>\n

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\u5b83\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u522b\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u670b\u53cb\u542c\u89c1\u97f3\u4e50\u800c\u4e34\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u662f\u627f\u62c5\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u6210\u672c\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u4e5f\u672a\u88ab\u539f\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5b89\u6392\u5438\u6536\u3002\u6c61\u67d3\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d1f\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u4e0e\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3b\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ffd\u95ee\u5f71\u54cd\u7531\u8c01\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u8feb\u4f7f\u5224\u65ad\u8d8a\u8fc7\u201c\u6211\u662f\u5426\u83b7\u76ca\u201d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u628a\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5185\u90e8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u534f\u5546\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8ba9\u88ab\u9057\u6f0f\u7684\u540e\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u88c5\u5b83\u4ece\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/publications\/fandd\/issues\/series\/back-to-basics\/externalities<\/a><\/p>\n

","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"An externality arises when part of a choice's cost or benefit falls on others, showing why private calculation can omit people who bear real effects.","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u6307\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u672c\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u843d\u5230\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u770b\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u88ab\u9057\u6f0f\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u8005\u3002","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[787294141],"tags":[787298716,787297814,787297816,787298717],"class_list":["post-18677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-philosophical-concepts","tag-externalities","tag-responsibility-zh","tag-responsibility","tag-externalities-zh",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"Externalities: Why Do Others Bear the Effects of Our Choices?","zh_CN":"\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u7531\u522b\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u679c\uff1f"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-4Rf","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18677"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18677\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}