{"id":17249,"date":"2026-08-13T15:43:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T05:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/four-year-terms-and-fifty-year-problems\/"},"modified":"2026-08-13T15:43:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T05:43:06","slug":"four-year-terms-and-fifty-year-problems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/four-year-terms-and-fifty-year-problems\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56db\u5e74\u4efb\u671f\u5f88\u96be\u5904\u7406\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300a\u672a\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u300b\u7b2c 0.1 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2015 \u5e74\u300a\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u798f\u7949\u6cd5\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u4e13\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1a\u5b83\u628a\u957f\u671f\u601d\u8003\u5199\u5165\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e13\u5458\u5e76\u975e\u672a\u6765\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53d6\u820d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u6d88\u653f\u6cbb\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5408\u7406\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u80fd\u56de\u5e94\u5f53\u524d\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u7406\u7531\u3001\u957f\u671f\u6838\u7b97\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u590d\u67e5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a\u4e25\u91cd\u800c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u540e\u679c\u79fb\u51fa\u672c\u5c4a\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u672a\u6765\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u4efb\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u5ea7\u9632\u6d2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5341\u5e74\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5341\u5e74\uff1b\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u8981\u7b49\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b66\u751f\u957f\u5927\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u51cf\u6392\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u6062\u590d\u3001\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u9884\u7b97\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u6bb5\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u540e\u679c\u5374\u8de8\u8d8a\u8bb8\u591a\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u77ed\u4efb\u671f\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u574f\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u9009\u4e3e\u4f7f\u638c\u6743\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64a4\u6362\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u9065\u8fdc\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u9009\u4e3e\u5468\u671f\u8fd8\u8ba9\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u591f\u56de\u5e94\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u9879\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u66b4\u9732\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u66f4\u66ff\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4e0d\u53ef\u64a4\u56de\u7684\u957f\u671f\u627f\u8bfa\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56f0\u96be\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u672c\u3001\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u95ee\u8d23\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u9f50\u65f6\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4eca\u5929\u53d6\u6d88\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u9884\u7b97\u4e2d\u7701\u94b1\uff1b\u7ed3\u6784\u52a3\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u6545\u6216\u5de8\u989d\u7ef4\u4fee\u8d26\u5355\u3002\u9884\u9632\u6027\u6295\u8d44\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u7acb\u523b\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7684\u707e\u96be\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u800c\u5f88\u96be\u5f62\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u52b3\u3002\u672a\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u679c\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5956\u52b1\u8c28\u614e\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\u63a8\u5378\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee3\u8868\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e0d\u591f\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u201d\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u5ea6\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u4e5f\u9762\u5bf9\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u9009\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u79df\u91d1\u4e0a\u6da8\u800c\u9700\u8981\u5373\u65f6\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdc\u671f\u8d22\u653f\u5e73\u8861\u62d2\u7edd\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6025\u8bca\u3002\u957f\u671f\u6cbb\u7406\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6b63\u5f53\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u600e\u6837\u9632\u6b62\u53ea\u6709\u80fd\u591f\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u58f0\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u8fdb\u5165\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u6765\u81ea\u9009\u4e3e<\/h2>\n<p>\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u77ed\u671f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5206\u6563\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9009\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd1\u671f\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5148\u627f\u62c5\u6210\u672c\u3002\u653f\u515a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u6295\u7968\u524d\u5c55\u793a\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5219\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a8\u52a8\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u6309\u5e74\u5ea6\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u5e38\u4ee5\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u63a5\u53d7\u8003\u6838\u3002\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5448\u73b0\u4eca\u5929\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u9879\u7ef4\u62a4\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/9618\/chapter-abstract\/156667729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u77ed\u671f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u89c6\u91ce\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5171\u540c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5b63\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u7ec8\u8eab\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u957f\u671f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u8eab\u5ef6\u7eed\u8bef\u5f53\u6210\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8981\u533a\u5206\u4e09\u79cd\u7ecf\u5e38\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd1\u671f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u8d8a\u5bbd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u624d\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u679c\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u6709\u65f6\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u8865\u507f\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u4f5c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u201c\u957f\u671f\u201d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u5929\u7136\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5e74\u5ea6\u6388\u6743\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u7763\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u8d44\u4ea7\u5bff\u547d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6309\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u82e5\u9884\u7b97\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u5efa\u9020\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u5c55\u793a\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u9000\u5f79\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e74\u5ea6\u95ee\u8d23\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u906e\u853d\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ba1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u8986\u76d6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u6cbb\u4eca\u5929<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u6cbb\u592a\u77ed\u89c6\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u957f\u671f\u95ee\u9898\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u673a\u6784\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u89c4\u5212\u673a\u5173\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u591f\u5ef6\u957f\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u968f\u653f\u515a\u66f4\u66ff\u5267\u70c8\u6446\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u4e13\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u504f\u597d\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u60c5\u666f\u53d8\u6210\u6765\u81ea\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u3001\u635f\u5bb3\u548c\u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u5165\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ecd\u5305\u542b\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u957f\u671f\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\u4f30\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7167\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\u4f30\u5f53\u524d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u8005\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u4f4f\u623f\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u672a\u6765\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u6765\u81ea\u66f4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u88ab\u63a8\u8fdf\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u6761\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7406\u7531\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5206\u914d\u51b2\u7a81\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6c11\u4e3b\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u5ef6\u957f\u8bae\u4f1a\u4efb\u671f\u5e76\u975e\u5145\u5206\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u516b\u5e74\u4efb\u671f\u76f8\u5bf9\u56db\u5e74\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6838\u5e9f\u6599\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u7136\u6781\u77ed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u964d\u4f4e\u9009\u6c11\u64a4\u6362\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u540e\u679c\u4e00\u6837\u957f\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u77ed\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u7559\u4e0b\u8de8\u4efb\u671f\u53ef\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5236\u5ea6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n<p>\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/anaw\/2015\/2\/pdfs\/anaw_20150002_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015<\/em><\/a> \u662f\u6700\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6cbb\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u9002\u7528\u7684\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u6309\u7167\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u539f\u5219\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u3001\u9884\u9632\u3001\u6574\u5408\u3001\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ffd\u6c42\u6cd5\u5b9a\u798f\u7949\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7acb Future Generations Commissioner for Wales\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u3001\u76d1\u6d4b\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u798f\u7949\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u66ff\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u751f\u8005\u6295\u7968\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e13\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u672a\u6765\u4eba\u7684\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ee5\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4ef7\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u884c\u653f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u673a\u6784\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u5c55\u793a\u8fd1\u671f\u4ea7\u51fa\uff1b\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u9884\u9632\u7406\u7531\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5316\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u82e5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4e13\u5458\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6743\u3001\u8c03\u67e5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u9884\u7b97\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u9645\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u9879<a href=\"https:\/\/pubdata.leuphana.de\/entities\/publication\/de13a842-1b47-4fb3-8801-b819e88d6e88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6bd4\u8f83\u516b\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b88\u62a4\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u672a\u6765\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5929\u7136\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5236\u5ea6\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u8861\u91cf\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5426\u6539\u53d8\u9884\u7b97\u6216\u65b9\u6848\uff1f\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u5efa\u8bae\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u6838\u67e5\u7406\u7531\uff1f\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u62a5\u544a\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u65f6\u95f4\u89c6\u91ce\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u8ba9\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u5165\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u88c5\u672a\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u573a<\/h2>\n<p>2024 \u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pact-for-the-future\/en\/annex-ii-declaration-future-generations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u300a\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b<\/a>\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u56fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u524d\u77bb\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u957f\u671f\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6539\u5584\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6587\u672c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u77ed\u89c6\uff0c\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u9677\u9631\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4f9d\u7136\u7531\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u6765\u5229\u76ca\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u5165\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u5f71\u54cd\u5ef6\u7eed\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u9006\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9884\u7b97\u8bc4\u4f30\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u9000\u5f79\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u98ce\u9669\u7eb3\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba1\u67e5\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u56de\u5e94\u60c5\u666f\u548c\u4ee3\u9645\u5206\u914d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5e94\u516c\u5f00\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u627f\u8bfa\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u590d\u5ba1\u5e38\u6bd4\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9501\u5b9a\u5168\u90e8\u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u540e\u6765\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5e74\u957f\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u4e45\uff0c\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u80fd\u591f\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u5931\u8861\u3002\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u548c\u957f\u671f\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u6d4b\u8005\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d85\u51fa\u5355\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u81ea\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5316\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5929\u7136\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd8\u5e94\u4fdd\u5b58\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8005\u82e5\u53ea\u7ee7\u627f\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u7ea0\u9519\u3002\u6863\u6848\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u9644\u5c5e\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8de8\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u8d23\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea4\u63a5\u8fd8\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u6362\u5c4a\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5217\u653f\u7b56\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u660e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u5df2\u62e8\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d6\u6d88\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8ba9\u5b83\u5931\u6548\u3002\u957f\u671f\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u63a5\u7eed\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u957f\u671f\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u538b\u8feb\u73b0\u5728<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f3a\u8c03\u672a\u6765\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7d27\u7f29\u3001\u5f81\u5730\u6216\u5927\u578b\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u5f53\u524d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002\u9065\u8fdc\u5229\u76ca\u5f88\u96be\u6838\u8bc1\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u9003\u907f\u73b0\u5b9e\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u6765\u5bfc\u5411\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\u4ee3\u5185\u5206\u914d\u3002\u51cf\u6392\u653f\u7b56\u7531\u8c01\u4ed8\u8d39\uff1f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ed9\u8c01\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\u4fdd\u62a4\u67d0\u7247\u571f\u5730\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u610f\u548c\u8865\u507f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9650\u5236\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u7fa4\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6536\u76ca\u5374\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5f97\u516c\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u8ba1\u5212\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u8de8\u515a\u6d3e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Gonz\u00e1lez-Ricoy and Axel Gosseries, <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/9618\/chapter-abstract\/156667729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cInstitutional Design and Sources of Short-Termism\u201d<\/a>, in <em>Institutions for Future Generations<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Senedd Cymru, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/anaw\/2015\/2\/pdfs\/anaw_20150002_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015<\/em><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>United Nations, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pact-for-the-future\/en\/annex-ii-declaration-future-generations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Declaration on Future Generations<\/em><\/a>, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Michael K. MacKenzie, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cogitatiopress.com\/politicsandgovernance\/article\/view\/7764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cInstitutional mechanisms for future generations\u201d<\/a>, <em>Politics and Governance<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>J\u00f6rg Tremmel and others, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubdata.leuphana.de\/entities\/publication\/de13a842-1b47-4fb3-8801-b819e88d6e88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparative research on guardians for future generations<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7cfb\u5217\u5bfc\u822a\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/the-future-has-no-representative\/\">\u300a\u672a\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u603b\u89c8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"Explains why four-year terms fail on problems whose benefits and costs appear decades later, and argues for procedural, cross-term accountability\u2014not removing politics.","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"\u63a2\u8ba8\u56db\u5e74\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a\u4f55\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7\u8de8\u671f\u95ee\u8d23\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53d6\u6d88\u653f\u6cbb\u3002","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[787296847],"tags":[787296852,787296850,787296856,787296848,787296857,787296849,787296853,787296851],"class_list":["post-17249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-future-has-no-representative","tag-future-generations","tag-intergenerational-justice","tag-political-short-termism","tag-the-future-has-no-representative","tag-political-short-termism-zh","tag-the-future-has-no-representative-zh","tag-future-generations-zh","tag-intergenerational-justice-zh",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"Why Do Four-Year Terms Struggle with Problems Whose Consequences Emerge Fifty Years Later?","zh_CN":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56db\u5e74\u4efb\u671f\u5f88\u96be\u5904\u7406\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-4ud","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17249"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17249\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}