{"id":17240,"date":"2026-08-13T14:44:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T04:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/andean-continuity-after-the-inca-empire\/"},"modified":"2026-08-13T14:44:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T04:44:49","slug":"andean-continuity-after-the-inca-empire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/andean-continuity-after-the-inca-empire\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5370\u52a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u706d\u4ea1\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u5ef6\u7eed\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u662f\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u5728\u6587\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5e94\u7528\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u54f2\u5b66\u6765\u6e90\u4e3a <a href=\"https:\/\/sustenesis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustenesis.com<\/a>\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5370\u52a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c 0.1 \u7248\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u201c\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5370\u52a0\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1b\u672c\u6587\u907f\u514d\u628a\u6240\u6709\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u6216\u827e\u9a6c\u62c9\u8bed\u793e\u7fa4\u5f53\u4f5c\u5e1d\u56fd\u9057\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>\u300a\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u300b\u00b7 \u7b2c 14 \u7bc7<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>\u5feb\u901f\u9605\u8bfb<\/h2>\n<p>1532 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<em>ayllu<\/em> \u4ecd\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u6d77\u62d4\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u7267\u517b\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e0e\u7956\u5148\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Ollantaytambo \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u81f3\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u6700\u521d\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u90e8\u5206\u5370\u52a0\u519c\u7530\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u539f\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5229\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f81\u7a0e\u548c\u5f81\u5de5\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u5219\u628a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5951\u3001\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0e\u6559\u533a\u53d8\u6210\u4fdd\u62a4\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u5728\u5370\u52a0\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u90fd\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5370\u52a0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u827e\u9a6c\u62c9\u8bed\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u65b9\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e7\u795e\u5723\u666f\u89c2\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u8eb2\u5728\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u5236\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6682\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u8f7d\u4f53\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5370\u52a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u79d8\u5bc6\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u571f\u5730\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3001\u751f\u6001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e0e\u8282\u5e86\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7ee7\u7eed\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6b96\u6c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5f81\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5316\u5e1d\u56fd\u6216\u6b96\u6c11\u5265\u524a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u4f8b\u662f\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u6751\u793e\u3001\u571f\u5730\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u5206\u5e03\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53d7\u5370\u52a0\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u5bb6\u5851\u9020\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u79f0\u4f5c\u672a\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u9057\u5b58\u3002\u5f3a\u5236\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u57ce\u9547\u540e\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u7fa4\u7ef4\u62a4\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7ed3\u8bba\u56e0\u6b64\u5173\u6ce8\u529f\u80fd\u600e\u6837\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u68af\u7530\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u7559\u53e4\u8001\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f3a\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u571f\u5730\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4ecd\u88ab\u793e\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u6700\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u7a76\u7adf\u524d\u4e8e\u5370\u52a0\u3001\u7531\u5370\u52a0\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5171\u540c\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u9010\u5c42\u5e74\u4ee3\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u5370\u52a0\u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d77\u70b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5370\u52a0\u6269\u5f20\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5df2\u6709\u5361\u62c9\u5c14\u3001\u67e5\u6587\u3001\u83ab\u5207\u3001\u74e6\u91cc\u3001\u8482\u74e6\u7eb3\u79d1\u3001\u5947\u7a46\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u68af\u7530\u3001\u704c\u6e89\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u8de8\u6d77\u62d4\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5370\u52a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u52a0\u706d\u4ea1\u540e\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u662f\u5426\u5ef6\u7eed\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u3002\u5370\u52a0\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u65b9\u9996\u9886\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u8fc1\u79fb\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u5f79\u83b7\u5f97\u9053\u8def\u3001\u519b\u961f\u548c\u4ed3\u50a8\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u7ed3\u6784\u65e2\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fdd\u7559\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5d4c\u5957\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5ef6\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u738b\u6743\u5931\u53bb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d29\u89e3\uff0c\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u4ecd\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u6b8b\u4f59\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5370\u52a0\u91cd\u7ec4\u8fc7\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u5f81\u670d\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u5230\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u74e6\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4e0e\u963f\u5854\u74e6\u5c14\u5e15\u7684\u5185\u6218\u524a\u5f31\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u5165\u4fb5\u8005\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u963f\u5854\u74e6\u5c14\u5e15\u88ab\u4fd8\u548c\u5904\u6b7b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u5080\u5121\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u53ca\u672c\u5730\u76df\u53cb\u9010\u6b65\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u533a\u3002\u7ef4\u5c14\u5361\u73ed\u5df4\u7684\u65b0\u5370\u52a0\u653f\u6743\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230 1572 \u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u6062\u590d\u5e1d\u56fd\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u514d\u75ab\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u8d21\u8d4b\u3001\u76d1\u62a4\u5f81\u8d4b\u548c\u77ff\u4e1a\u52b3\u5f79\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u65e2\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5370\u52a0 <em>mit\u2019a<\/em> \u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6e\u66ff\u52b3\u5f79\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11 <em>mita<\/em> \u7279\u522b\u4e0e\u6ce2\u6258\u897f\u94f6\u77ff\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u76f8\u8fde\uff1b\u76f8\u540c\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u540e\u679c\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/international-review-of-social-history\/article\/free-and-unfree-labour-in-the-colonial-andes-in-the-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries\/B00B9D39F97F968E9F6655462D8FB723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6b96\u6c11\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u52b3\u52a8\u53f2<\/a>\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u738b\u5ba4\u5f3a\u5236\u548c\u77ff\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u5171\u540c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u4ece\u96f6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9996\u9886\u3001\u767b\u8bb0\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5c65\u884c\u8d21\u8d4b\u3002\u539f\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u56e0\u800c\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u8f6c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6587\u660e\u8f7d\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u5b58\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5f81\u53d6\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u7ef3\u8bb0\u5f55\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5370\u52a0\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6b27\u4e9a\u5f0f\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5374\u4ee5 <em>khipu<\/em>\u2014\u2014\u7ed3\u7ef3\u8bb0\u5f55\u2014\u2014\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u8d21\u8d4b\u3001\u4ed3\u50a8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u653f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e13\u95e8\u4eba\u5458\u9605\u8bfb\u989c\u8272\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u7ed3\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u975e\u7269\u4f53\u81ea\u52a8\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5668\u7269\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u5173\u7cfb\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history\/article\/chronology-succession-and-sovereignty-the-politics-of-inka-historiography-and-its-modern-interpretation\/BE5981DDFCD896D4ECC8BFB818A4B6EB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R. Alan Covey \u5bf9\u5370\u52a0\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7ed3\u7ef3\u4e0e\u53e3\u4f20\u53ef\u4e00\u8d77\u4fdd\u5b58\u884c\u653f\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f81\u670d\u4f7f\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u4f46 <em>khipu<\/em> \u6ca1\u6709\u5728 1532 \u5e74\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u6b96\u6c11\u6cd5\u5ead\u66fe\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u8981\u6c42\u628a\u5185\u5bb9\u8f6c\u5199\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587\u4e66\uff1b\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u53c8\u628a\u7ef3\u7d22\u4e0e\u6728\u677f\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u533a\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/latin-american-research-review\/article\/khipus-khipu-boards-and-sacred-texts-toward-a-philology-of-andean-knotted-cords\/61B91DF0E21873EFE260B7B61A1B8AF9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6b96\u6c11\u7ed3\u7ef3\u677f\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u751a\u81f3\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5370\u52a0\u5b98\u50da\u539f\u6837\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u573a\u666f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u53e4\u4ee3\u7ed3\u7ef3\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7f16\u7801\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u672a\u88ab\u91ca\u8bfb\u3002\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8f7d\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5f3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u9a73\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u7ef3\u7684\u8870\u9000\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b66\u4e60\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e32\u7ef3\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u5199\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7269\u4f53\u4ecd\u5728\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u94fe\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6cb3\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u6848\u4f8b\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001<em>Ayllu<\/em> \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u5e1d\u56fd\u66f4\u8010\u4e45\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><em>Ayllu<\/em> \u5e38\u88ab\u8bd1\u4f5c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u6216\u6751\u793e\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8840\u7f18\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u5173\u8054\u571f\u5730\u3001\u7956\u5148\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u804c\u4f4d\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6001\u5e26\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u968f\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eca\u65e5\u793e\u7fa4\u4e0e\u524d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/cambridge-archaeological-journal\/article\/landscapes-of-prehispanic-andean-kinship-ancestors-ayllus-and-relationality\/BFAFA21FDA8791213581C941E43EE120\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u4eb2\u5c5e\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<em>ayllu<\/em> \u8db3\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5370\u52a0\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u90fd\u501f\u7528\u5b83\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8010\u4e45\u6765\u81ea\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u4e92\u52a9\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u6743\u5a01\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u6709\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u6392\u9664\u3002\u6210\u5458\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u7a0e\u7c4d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u56fa\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u628a <em>ayllu<\/em> \u6d6a\u6f2b\u5316\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6027\u522b\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u666f\u89c2\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u9ad8\u5dee\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6d77\u62d4\u5b89\u6392\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u3001\u85dc\u9ea6\u548c\u7267\u517b\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u68af\u7530\u3001\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u51bb\u5e72\u53ca\u50a8\u85cf\u6280\u672f\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5d4c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u666f\u89c2\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e2d\u592e\u519c\u4e1a\u624b\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/structural-transformation-of-ollantaytambos-inka-ecology-under-spanish-rule\/2C16EA948CFE43A89AF6679CE0F4C5ED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ollantaytambo \u7684\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u6700\u521d\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u5370\u52a0\u519c\u7530\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u8f83\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u53bb\u96c6\u7ea6\u5316\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u91cd\u7ec4\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5f15\u5165\u4f5c\u7269\u548c\u571f\u5730\u5360\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u540e\u624d\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e 1532 \u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u5f81\u670d\u6ca1\u6709\u5373\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u5168\u90e8\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u62a4\u540c\u4e00\u68af\u7530\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u52b3\u52a8\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u539f\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ed3\u50a8\u6216\u8d21\u8d4b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u8fdb\u5165\u6b96\u6c11\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7ecf\u65b0\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u800c\u975e\u539f\u5236\u5ea6\u5b58\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u9053\u8def\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u529f\u80fd<\/h2>\n<p>\u5370\u52a0\u9053\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf Qhapaq \u00d1an \u8fde\u63a5\u5c71\u5730\u3001\u6d77\u5cb8\u3001\u4ed3\u50a8\u3001\u9a7f\u7ad9\u548c\u884c\u653f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u610f\u4e49\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u6bb5\u4ecd\u88ab\u5730\u65b9\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u653e\u7267\u3001\u671d\u5723\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7531\u6b64\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6bd4\u5efa\u9020\u5b83\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5bff\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u8def\u6bb5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u539f\u5236\u5ea6\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u9053\u8def\u82e5\u4e0d\u518d\u8fde\u63a5\u5370\u52a0\u52b3\u5f79\u3001\u9a7f\u4f20\u548c\u4ed3\u50a8\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u7fa4\u7ef4\u4fee\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u628a <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1459\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qhapaq \u00d1an<\/a> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u8d8a\u516d\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u53e4\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u5360\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fdd\u62a4\u82e5\u53ea\u7ef4\u62a4\u77f3\u9762\u800c\u9650\u5236\u793e\u7fa4\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u6d3b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u53d8\u6210\u666f\u89c2\u6807\u672c\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u9053\u8def\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9057\u4ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u600e\u6837\u534f\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u96c6\u4e2d\u8fc1\u5c45\u5207\u65ad\u5e76\u91cd\u753b\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n<p>\u526f\u738b\u6258\u83b1\u591a\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u63a8\u52a8 <em>reducciones<\/em>\uff0c\u628a\u5206\u6563\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u5230\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f0f\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f20\u6559\u3001\u5f81\u7a0e\u548c\u5f81\u5de5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u8de8\u6d77\u62d4\u571f\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/itinerario\/article\/gathering-souls-jesuit-missions-in-the-spanish-empire\/13E0E07692781306AAC3E2132957FB4A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f3a\u5236\u8fc1\u5c45\u5bf9\u9886\u571f\u4e0e\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u751f\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u57ce\u9547\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u7fa4\u771f\u5b9e\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u5212\u754c\u3001\u6559\u533a\u548c\u5730\u5951\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u5ef6\u7eed\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u5ead\u7ef4\u62a4\u571f\u5730\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u201c\u53e4\u8001\u8fb9\u754c\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6765\u81ea\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f7f\u5176\u6743\u5229\u865a\u5047\uff0c\u800c\u8bf4\u660e\u91cd\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u6210\u5185\u90e8\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fde\u7eed\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5236\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u53d7\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5360\u7528\u5e76\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u6269\u5927\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u8eab\u4efd\u65e0\u7f1d\u5ef6\u7eed<\/h2>\n<p>\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u65e9\u4e8e\u5370\u52a0\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fc1\u5f99\u548c\u884c\u653f\u63a8\u52a8\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f20\u6559\u4f7f\u7528\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\uff0c\u77ff\u4e1a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\u53c8\u6269\u5927\u5176\u901a\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-handbook-of-language-contact\/quechua-expansion-during-the-inca-and-colonial-periods\/996B6E404CEAC14EE68BFE9B30E19B54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5173\u4e8e\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u8fc7\u7a0b\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6269\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8bf4\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u8bed\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u76f4\u63a5\u5ef6\u7eed\u5370\u52a0\u884c\u653f\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u827e\u9a6c\u62c9\u8bed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u627f\u62c5\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u6362\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u591a\u8bed\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u9ad8\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u3001\u827e\u9a6c\u62c9\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u65e2\u4f9d\u9760\u957f\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u4e5f\u56de\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u5e1d\u56fd\u6807\u7b7e\u539f\u6837\u7559\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e5d\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u8868\u9762\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u5370\u52a0\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u6559\u4f1a\u653b\u51fb <em>huaca<\/em>\u3001\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u796d\u4eea\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6e05\u527f\u9020\u6210\u7834\u574f\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5723\u5f92\u3001\u8282\u671f\u548c\u5723\u6bcd\u5f62\u8c61\u53c8\u8fdb\u5165\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u628a\u5c71\u3001\u6cc9\u3001\u571f\u5730\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4eba\u7269\u653e\u8fdb\u540c\u4e00\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79f0\u4e00\u5207\u4e3a\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u201d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u770b\u8c01\u6709\u6743\u89c4\u5b9a\u6b63\u7edf\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5fc5\u987b\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5916\u58f3\uff1b\u672c\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528\u5723\u5f92\u540d\u79f0\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u65b0\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5f3a\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u793e\u7fa4\u771f\u8bda\u4fe1\u5949\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u660e\u5ef6\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u672a\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u524d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u82e5\u53ea\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u770b\u6210\u5916\u6765\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5426\u8ba4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5341\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fdf\u5230\u56de\u58f0<\/h2>\n<p>\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u793e\u533a\u571f\u5730\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u56de\u5e94\u6b96\u6c11\u4e0e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5265\u593a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5951\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6743\u5229\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u524d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u5bb6\u7b80\u5355\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u7fa4\u63d0\u51fa\u571f\u5730\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\u65f6\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8981\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6743\u5229\u4ecd\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u4ee3\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8fde\u7eed\u8bf4\u660e\u8c01\u88ab\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8fc1\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u6216\u4ee5\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u56e0\u6b64\u9000\u51fa\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u3002\u8f7d\u4f53\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u524a\u5f31\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8de8\u5730\u533a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u628a\u6587\u660e\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u8f7d\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc<\/h2>\n<p>\u8de8\u6d77\u62d4\u4ea4\u6362\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5c01\u95ed\u6751\u5e84\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u957f\u671f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6001\u5e26\u3001\u96c6\u5e02\u4e0e\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6563\u98ce\u9669\uff1b\u6b96\u6c11\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u9053\u8def\u6539\u53d8\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u8054\u7cfb\u5929\u7136\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8f7d\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f9d\u9760\u6210\u5458\u5f80\u8fd4\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6563\u5c45\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u9650\u4ea4\u53c9\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u5168\u90e8\u6545\u571f\u4ee5\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5374\u540c\u6837\u4f9d\u9760\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u8db3\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u5c71\u5730\u7530\u56ed\u4e0e\u533a\u57df\u5e02\u573a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5171\u540c\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u82e5\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u56fa\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6f0f\u6389\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6682\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u5ef6\u7eed\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u590d\u6d3b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5370\u52a0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u738b\u6743\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u796d\u7940\u5728\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u53c8\u9020\u6210\u707e\u96be\u6027\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u571f\u5730\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8f7d\u4f53\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff1a<em>ayllu<\/em>\u3001\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e0e\u7956\u5148\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u666f\u89c2\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u8282\u5e86\u3002\u793e\u7fa4\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u7a0e\u5236\u3001\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u6559\u533a\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f7d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e5f\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5229\u7528\u6765\u5f81\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7b2c 0.1 \u7248\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u5730\u65b9\u8fde\u7eed\u548c\u6df1\u5236\u5ea6\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u514b\u4e18\u4e9a\u3001\u827e\u9a6c\u62c9\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u793e\u7fa4\u4e0e\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u538b\u6210\u5370\u52a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u540e\u88d4\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5370\u52a0\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u8f83\u957f\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u770b\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5e76\u975e\u6587\u660e\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c42\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5d29\u6e83\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ecd\u53ef\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ea0\u6b63\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6587\u660e\u5ef6\u7eed\u5728\u68af\u7530\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8015\u79cd\u3001\u571f\u5730\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3b\u5f20\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u5370\u52a0\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Geoffrey Chen, <a href=\"https:\/\/sustenesis.com\/what-is-sustenesis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Is Sustenesis?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kylie E. Quave et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/cambridge-archaeological-journal\/article\/landscapes-of-prehispanic-andean-kinship-ancestors-ayllus-and-relationality\/BFAFA21FDA8791213581C941E43EE120\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cLandscapes of Pre-Hispanic Andean Kinship\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Steve Kosiba et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/structural-transformation-of-ollantaytambos-inka-ecology-under-spanish-rule\/2C16EA948CFE43A89AF6679CE0F4C5ED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Structural Transformation of Ollantaytambo\u2019s Inka Ecology under Spanish Rule\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>C\u00e9sar Itier, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-handbook-of-language-contact\/quechua-expansion-during-the-inca-and-colonial-periods\/996B6E404CEAC14EE68BFE9B30E19B54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cQuechua Expansion during the Inca and Colonial Periods\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Raquel Gil Montero, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/international-review-of-social-history\/article\/free-and-unfree-labour-in-the-colonial-andes-in-the-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries\/B00B9D39F97F968E9F6655462D8FB723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cFree and Unfree Labour in the Colonial Andes\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>UNESCO World Heritage Centre, <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1459\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qhapaq \u00d1an, Andean Road System<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7cfb\u5217\u5bfc\u822a\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/how-civilizations-remain-themselves\/\">\u6d4f\u89c8\u300a\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u603b\u8bba\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u5730\u56fe<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"After 1532, Spanish rule ended Inca central kingship, yet Andean civilization continued through local communities that reworked land, labour and language.","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"1532 \u540e\u5370\u52a0\u4e2d\u592e\u738b\u6743\u786e\u5b9e\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u6587\u660e\u4ecd\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u7fa4\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u9020\u571f\u5730\u3001\u52b3\u5f79\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u7b49\u8f7d\u4f53\u5ef6\u7eed\u800c\u975e\u5e1d\u56fd\u590d\u6d3b\u3002","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[787296806],"tags":[787296837,787296809,787294331,787296807,787294332,787296838,787296810,787296808],"class_list":["post-17240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-civilizations-remain-themselves","tag-andean-civilization","tag-civilizational-continuity","tag-787294331","tag-how-civilizations-remain-themselves","tag-sustenesis-theory","tag-andean-civilization-zh","tag-civilizational-continuity-zh","tag-how-civilizations-remain-themselves-zh",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"After the Inca Empire Fell, Where Did Andean Civilization 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