{"id":17232,"date":"2026-08-13T14:44:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T04:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/chinese-civilization-across-dynastic-falls\/"},"modified":"2026-08-13T14:44:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T04:44:49","slug":"chinese-civilization-across-dynastic-falls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/chinese-civilization-across-dynastic-falls\/","title":{"rendered":"\u738b\u671d\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ecd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u662f\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u5728\u6587\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5e94\u7528\u7248\u672c\u3002\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u4ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/sustenesis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustenesis.com<\/a> \u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u201d\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u8fde\u7eed\u548c\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c 0.1 \u7248\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u628a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7586\u754c\u3001\u6c49\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d9\u4e8b\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6295\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u628a\u591a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f81\u670d\u548c\u533a\u57df\u5dee\u5f02\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u201c\u540c\u5316\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>\u300a\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u300b\u00b7 \u7b2c 6 \u7bc7<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>\u5feb\u901f\u9605\u8bfb<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u738b\u671d\u90fd\u7ee7\u627f\u540c\u4e00\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u4ece\u672a\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u8f83\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u6761\u4f20\u9012\u94fe\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u6c49\u5b57\u548c\u4e66\u9762\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c03\u7528\u5e76\u6539\u9020\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f7d\u4f53\u5e76\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u79e6\u6c49\u5b98\u50da\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u968b\u5510\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u3001\u5b8b\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u3001\u5143\u4e0e\u6e05\u7684\u591a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5112\u5bb6\u8fde\u7eed\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u8870\u843d\u3001\u590d\u5174\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u6587\u5b57\u5ef6\u7eed\u662f\u5f3a\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u628a\u5171\u4eab\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u671d\u4ee3\u5faa\u73af\u201d\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u8fde\u7eed\u5199\u6210\u6c38\u6052\u590d\u73b0\u3002Pamela Crossley \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u5929\u547d\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f1a\u628a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u653f\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u5408\u6cd5\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b\u201c\u6c49\u5316\u201d\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u5f81\u670d\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u548c\u6ee1\u6d32\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u85cf\u3001\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7ef4\u6210\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5d29\u89e3\u4ee5\u540e\u4ecd\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8f7d\u4f53\u4fdd\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u738b\u671d\u4e3a\u4e86\u6cbb\u7406\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u7cbe\u82f1\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u786e\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u4e0d\u53d8\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf\u957f\u671f\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u573a\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f20\u9012\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u6210\u5458\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u5728\u65e7\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c\u628a\u7ed3\u8bba\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u5c42\u3002\u6c49\u5b57\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5f3a\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u738b\u671d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u7586\u754c\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4ef7\u503c\u5374\u591a\u6b21\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u6700\u5f3a\u53cd\u4f8b\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u738b\u671d\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d88\u5931\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u8fde\u7eed\u53d9\u4e8b\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5f81\u670d\u4e0e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5199\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u5438\u6536\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u9884\u5148\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u738b\u671d\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5386\u53f2\u4ecd\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u957f\u6cb3\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u79e6\u3001\u6c49\u3001\u5510\u3001\u5b8b\u3001\u5143\u3001\u660e\u3001\u6e05\u90fd\u66fe\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u7586\u57df\u3001\u9996\u90fd\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\u671f\u751a\u81f3\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4e92\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002\u82e5\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u7b49\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u5e38\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u5165\u5148\u524d\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u4e66\u5199\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\uff0c\u7f16\u7e82\u524d\u671d\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u58eb\u4eba\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5929\u547d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u5bfa\u5e99\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u4e5f\u628a\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e26\u8fc7\u653f\u6743\u5d29\u89e3\u3002\u6539\u671d\u6362\u4ee3\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u771f\u5b9e\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u53c8\u5f88\u5c11\u4ece\u7a7a\u767d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u4e5f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8bc1\u636e\u786e\u5b9e\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53c8\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u52a8\u673a\u628a\u5b83\u6574\u7406\u6210\u65e0\u7f1d\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u91ca\u8fde\u7eed\u4e3a\u4f55\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u600e\u6837\u88ab\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u6c49\u5b57\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u957f\u4f20\u9012\u94fe<\/h2>\n<p>\u665a\u5546\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u548c\u9752\u94dc\u94ed\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6c49\u8bed\u4e0e\u6c49\u5b57\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4e09\u5343\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u4e66\u5199\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u8bfb\u97f3\u548c\u6587\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/cambridge-history-of-chinese-literature\/76F4628F8A769EEF2DF952B530ED0CEE\/listing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u300b<\/a>\u628a\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5c11\u6570\u72ec\u7acb\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u53c8\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u5b57\u8fde\u7eed\u5e26\u6765\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u540e\u679c\u3002\u540e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u6392\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5e7f\u9614\u65b9\u8a00\u533a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u534f\u8c03\u884c\u653f\uff1b\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u65cf\u8c31\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u5f62\u6210\u8de8\u4ee3\u6863\u6848\u3002\u6587\u5b57\u8fd8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u653f\u6743\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u82e5\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u65e2\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u5957\u4e66\u5199\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u660e\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u53e3\u8bed\uff0c\u8bc6\u5b57\u957f\u671f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u6563\u5931\u3001\u91cd\u7f16\u548c\u88ab\u6b63\u7edf\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6c49\u5b57\u8fd8\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u5404\u81ea\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6587\u5b57\u8bc1\u660e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e0d\u72ec\u5360\u6587\u660e\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u5b57\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u53c8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6587\u5b57\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u53e4\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7532\u9aa8\u5360\u535c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u5916\u5f62\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u65e2\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u6761\u8fc7\u53bb<\/h2>\n<p>\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\u300a\u4e66\u300b\u300a\u6613\u300b\u300a\u793c\u300b\u7b49\u7ecf\u5178\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u88ab\u6574\u7406\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u5e76\u7eb3\u5165\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5171\u540c\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6b63\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u5219\u628a\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u653f\u6743\u653e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u65b0\u738b\u671d\u4e66\u5199\u524d\u671d\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u5b58\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u7ee7\u627f\u4f55\u79cd\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u7ef4\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u53bb\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u524d\u671d\u4e3a\u4f55\u5931\u5fb7\u3001\u5929\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u65ad\u88c2\u7531\u6b64\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u53ef\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u5931\u8d25\u53d9\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u3002Pamela Kyle Crossley \u6307\u51fa\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/historical-journal\/article\/how-chinese-dynasties-periodization-works-with-the-tribute-system-and-sinicization-to-erase-diversity-and-euphemize-colonialism-in-historiography-of-china\/8673E04413865EE65B2C192FC8F90341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6240\u8c13\u8fde\u7eed\u201c\u671d\u4ee3\u201d\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8c31\u7cfb<\/a>\u3002\u6b63\u53f2\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u653f\u6743\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u7edf\uff0c\u5929\u547d\u53c8\u628a\u5bb6\u65cf\u66ff\u6362\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u5e76\u5217\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3001\u8fb9\u7586\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u5b98\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u964d\u4e3a\u63d2\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4ece\u672a\u4e2d\u65ad\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u9a8c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u5efa\u6784\u5c31\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\uff1b\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u672c\u8eab\u786e\u5b9e\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53c8\u8ba9\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u673a\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u79e6\u6c49\u4ee5\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u90e1\u53bf\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u6587\u4e66\u884c\u653f\u548c\u7687\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u540e\u4e16\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-history-of-china\/structure-and-practice-of-government\/85B70184514CED4B7F825C92626F971D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5173\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u804c\u8d23\u5212\u5206\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u5c42\u7ea7\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u7528\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u501f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u968b\u5510\u4ee5\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5370\u5237\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u6269\u5f20\u4f7f\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8003\u8bd5\u65e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u5171\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5143\u4ee3\u4e00\u5ea6\u524a\u5f31\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u58eb\u4eba\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u540e\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u7528\u53c8\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u660e\u6e05\u5236\u5ea6\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u73b0\u4ee3\u6539\u9769\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e1d\u56fd\u8003\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u540c\u6837\u5305\u542b\u65ad\u88c2\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5173\u4e8e\u5b8b\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u63d0\u9192\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/cambridge-history-of-china\/sung-government-and-politics\/B360D3EB6D72ADEE74E46FD8570548EC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u628a\u5b54\u5b50\u81f3\u5b8b\u4ee3\u753b\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6ca1\u6709\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u7ebf\u7d22\u4f1a\u8131\u79bb\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883<\/a>\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u548c\u9053\u6559\u957f\u671f\u5851\u9020\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u201c\u590d\u5174\u201d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6731\u71b9\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u540e\u6765\u8fdb\u5165\u8003\u8bd5\u6b63\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u6b21\u5386\u53f2\u521b\u65b0\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u6062\u590d\u53e4\u4ee3\u672c\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u65e7\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e0e\u6b63\u7edf\u5316\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7ef4\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u6536\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u80dc\u51fa\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5199\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u9996\u90fd<\/h2>\n<p>\u738b\u671d\u66f4\u66ff\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6863\u6848\u3001\u5bab\u5ef7\u548c\u519b\u961f\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u66f4\u591a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6751\u843d\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u5bfa\u5e99\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u6c34\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u3002\u5a5a\u4e27\u3001\u796d\u7940\u3001\u5951\u7ea6\u3001\u571f\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6280\u827a\u53ca\u65b9\u8a00\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u738b\u671d\u65e5\u671f\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b8b\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u4e66\u9662\u3001\u5b97\u65cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u65cf\u8c31\u548c\u58eb\u7ec5\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e5f\u501f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u8bc1\u83b7\u5f97\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-chinese-history\/article\/state-the-gentry-and-local-institutions-the-song-dynasty-and-longterm-trends-from-tang-to-qing\/98FF05D23838EA992380D13B122A4598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5173\u4e8e\u5510\u5b8b\u81f3\u6e05\u957f\u671f\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u3001\u5370\u5237\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5168\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d44\u6e90\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u5ef7\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ecd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e2d\uff1b\u65b0\u671d\u82e5\u8981\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5730\u65b9\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u8ba9\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u5bcc\u88d5\u5730\u533a\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fb9\u7586\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f83\u5c11\u8fdb\u5165\u7cbe\u82f1\u6863\u6848\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5168\u56fd\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7b49\u91cf\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u5f81\u670d\u738b\u671d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u56f0\u96be<\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u548c\u6e05\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u540c\u5316\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8499\u53e4\u548c\u6ee1\u6d32\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u7528\u6c49\u6587\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7eb3\u5165\u738b\u671d\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u82e5\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7edd\u5f53\u5730\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7406\u5e9e\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6c49\u5316\u201d\u5374\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u53cc\u5411\u8f6c\u5316\u5199\u6210\u5355\u5411\u5438\u6536\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u6a2a\u8de8\u6b27\u4e9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ee5\u6ee1\u6d32\u7687\u6743\u540c\u65f6\u9762\u5bf9\u6c49\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u85cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002Crossley \u5173\u4e8e\u6e05\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/annales-histoire-sciences-sociales\/article\/abs\/pluralite-imperiale-et-identites-subjectives-dans-la-chine-des-qing\/39D2E2EAF4D1B41BB4D95CE78D02FB38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5e1d\u56fd\u591a\u5143\u6027\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u88ab\u6587\u672c\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u3002\u628a\u6e05\u7b80\u5355\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6c49\u4eba\u738b\u671d\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f81\u670d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u533a\u5206\u548c\u8fb9\u7586\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u5f81\u670d\u738b\u671d\u8fdb\u5165\u5e76\u6539\u9020\u4e86\u65e2\u6709 Sinitic \u6587\u5b57\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f20\u7edf\u5e26\u5165\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u6392\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u65ad\u79fb\u52a8<\/h2>\n<p>\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u3001\u5929\u4e0b\u3001\u534e\u590f\u3001\u6c49\u4eba\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3 nation-state \u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u7ec4\u56fa\u5b9a\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7586\u754c\u6269\u5f20\u4e0e\u6536\u7f29\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u5f99\u4f7f\u5357\u65b9\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5165\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u548c\u897f\u5317\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u653f\u6743\u53c8\u53c2\u4e0e\u5851\u9020\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u5012\u63a8\u4e00\u6761\u5c01\u95ed\u6587\u660e\u8fb9\u754c\u3002Christopher I. Beckwith \u7b49\u5386\u53f2\u4e89\u8bba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f Sinitic \u6587\u5b57\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u66fe\u8de8\u8d8a\u5230\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\uff0c\u800c\u5951\u4e39\u3001\u5973\u771f\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u7b49\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u5374\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-asian-studies\/article\/whats-the-matter-with-china-a-critique-of-teleological-history\/0C1640E86AD21D090CBEA4F544F6EB43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5bf9\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u201d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4<\/a>\u6b63\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc1\u660e\u6700\u7ec8\u7edf\u4e00\u5fc5\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u573a\u800c\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\u9886\u571f\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u660e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u51e1\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5438\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u65ad\u88c2\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5e1d\u5236\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\u666e\u53ca\u3001\u65b0\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u5931\u53bb\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b97\u65cf\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u79f0\u4f5c\u666e\u901a\u6539\u671d\u6362\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f30\u73b0\u4ee3\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u5236\u5ea6\u4eba\u5458\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u65e2\u6279\u5224\u201c\u5c01\u5efa\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u4e94\u5343\u5e74\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u6750\u6599\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u51fa\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u9769\u547d\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5267\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u65e7\u6587\u660e\u539f\u6837\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u5305\u542b\u5e1d\u56fd\u9057\u4ea7\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u7ea0\u6b63\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u4e0e\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e5d\u3001\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6df1\u523b\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u7f1d\u540c\u4e00<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6848\u4f8b\u652f\u6301\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5f3a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u8f7d\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u52a0\u5f3a\uff1a\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u65ad\u88c2\u540e\u4ecd\u80fd\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u57df\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u5165\u8fc7\u53bb\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u6863\u6848\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u9012\u5177\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7ef4\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\u4e5f\u53cd\u9a73\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u9020\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u66fe\u7ecf\u8870\u843d\u548c\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u591a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7f29\u6210\u6c49\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u578b\u66f4\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b63\u53f2\u4e0e\u5929\u547d\u53d9\u4e8b\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u8fde\u7eed\u8c31\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6279\u5224\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6682\u65f6\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u82e5\u5e72\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5f3a\u8fde\u7eed\uff1b\u653f\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u9886\u571f\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u6784\u6210\u548c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4ef7\u503c\u5219\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u738b\u671d\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u90e8\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u91cd\u5efa\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u5757\u6c38\u6052\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5f53\u738b\u671d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e2d\uff1b\u65b0\u7684\u6743\u529b\u82e5\u8981\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecd\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u522b\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u578b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u5168\u90e8\u4f20\u9012\u94fe\u540c\u65f6\u5f52\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Geoffrey Chen, <a href=\"https:\/\/sustenesis.com\/what-is-sustenesis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Is Sustenesis?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kang-i Sun Chang and Stephen Owen, eds., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/cambridge-history-of-chinese-literature\/76F4628F8A769EEF2DF952B530ED0CEE\/listing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Michael Loewe, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/cambridge-history-of-china\/structure-and-practice-of-government\/85B70184514CED4B7F825C92626F971D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Structure and Practice of Government\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pamela Kyle Crossley, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/historical-journal\/article\/how-chinese-dynasties-periodization-works-with-the-tribute-system-and-sinicization-to-erase-diversity-and-euphemize-colonialism-in-historiography-of-china\/8673E04413865EE65B2C192FC8F90341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cHow \u2018Chinese Dynasties\u2019 Periodization Works with the \u2018Tribute System\u2019 and \u2018Sinicization\u2019\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nicolas Tackett, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-asian-studies\/article\/whats-the-matter-with-china-a-critique-of-teleological-history\/0C1640E86AD21D090CBEA4F544F6EB43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Origins of the Chinese Nation<\/em> \u2014 critique discussed in \u201cWhat\u2019s the Matter with \u2018China\u2019?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Song Chen, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-chinese-history\/article\/state-the-gentry-and-local-institutions-the-song-dynasty-and-longterm-trends-from-tang-to-qing\/98FF05D23838EA992380D13B122A4598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe State, the Gentry, and Local Institutions\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pamela Kyle Crossley, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/annales-histoire-sciences-sociales\/article\/abs\/pluralite-imperiale-et-identites-subjectives-dans-la-chine-des-qing\/39D2E2EAF4D1B41BB4D95CE78D02FB38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cPluralit\u00e9 imp\u00e9riale et identit\u00e9s subjectives dans la Chine des Qing\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7cfb\u5217\u5bfc\u822a\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/how-civilizations-remain-themselves\/\">\u6d4f\u89c8\u300a\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u603b\u8bba\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u5730\u56fe<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"Argues Chinese civilizational continuity rests on multiple transmitted carriers like script, classics, historiography, education and bureaucracy\u2014despite repeated political rupture.","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b98\u50da\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u5730\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u4f20\u9012\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7586\u754c\u6216\u738b\u671d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ece\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[787296806],"tags":[787296821,787296809,787294331,787296807,787294332,787296810,787296808,787296822],"class_list":["post-17232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-civilizations-remain-themselves","tag-chinese-civilization","tag-civilizational-continuity","tag-787294331","tag-how-civilizations-remain-themselves","tag-sustenesis-theory","tag-civilizational-continuity-zh","tag-how-civilizations-remain-themselves-zh","tag-chinese-civilization-zh",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"Dynasties Repeatedly Fell. Why Is Chinese Civilization Still Considered Continuous?","zh_CN":"\u738b\u671d\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ecd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\uff1f"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-4tW","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17232\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}