{"id":17223,"date":"2026-08-13T14:44:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T04:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/a-civilization-is-not-a-state\/"},"modified":"2026-08-13T14:45:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T04:45:59","slug":"a-civilization-is-not-a-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/a-civilization-is-not-a-state\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u653f\u6743\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u5e94\u600e\u6837\u533a\u5206\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u662f\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u5728\u6587\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5e94\u7528\u7248\u672c\u3002\u7ef4\u6210\u8bba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/sustenesis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustenesis.com<\/a> 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Acharya \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/ethics-and-international-affairs\/article\/myth-of-the-civilization-state-rising-powers-and-the-cultural-challenge-to-world-order\/44FD1E9D1C3E67B6F36619D5080EC060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u53e4\u8001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u8eab<\/a>\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5efa\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u653f\u5e9c\u5784\u65ad\u6587\u660e\u89e3\u91ca\u6743\uff0c\u628a\u6279\u8bc4\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u8bf4\u6210\u80cc\u53db\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u65cf\u7fa4\uff1a\u5171\u540c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<p>\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94 nation\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94 ethnic group\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u53c8\u6307\u56fd\u7c4d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u56fd\u6c11\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u7684 nation \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u5f52\u5c5e\u548c\u5171\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9886\u571f\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u8840\u7f18\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u5929\u7136\u91cd\u5408\u3002John Dunn \u66fe\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u610f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/history-of-political-theory-and-other-essays\/is-there-a-contemporary-crisis-of-the-nation-state\/A0790E675B54A47D410C86938E60C4F9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u7531\u5171\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5a01\u6240\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u4eba\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u82e5\u8981\u6c42\u51fa\u751f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6743\u7ba1\u8f96\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/a>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u5f62\u6210\u8fd8\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5370\u5237\u3001\u666e\u67e5\u3001\u519b\u961f\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u8fdc\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65cf\u7fa4\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5171\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u53d9\u4e8b\u3001\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6807\u8bb0\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u65cf\u7fa4\u8eab\u4efd\u4f1a\u5728\u901a\u5a5a\u3001\u8fc1\u5f99\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u82e5\u4ece\u5668\u7269\u98ce\u683c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u7c7b\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002Emma Blake \u5bf9\u8003\u53e4\u8eab\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/elements\/identity-studies-in-archaeology\/FA82272C83859619909F8F10403FCBA0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u5316\u3001\u88ab\u4e89\u8bba\u548c\u4ea4\u53c9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4f20\u7edf\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u53d7\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5171\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5851\u9020\u3002\u628a\u5b83\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u90fd\u4f1a\u5931\u771f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u9886\u67d0\u4e2a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4f46\u8ba4\u9886\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u5168\u90e8\u5c42\u9762\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u7f1d\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5b97\u6559\uff1a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8de8\u4ee3\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u7b49\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u660e<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b97\u6559\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u3001\u5386\u6cd5\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5b83\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u6587\u660e\u5ef6\u7eed\u6700\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9886\u571f\u56fd\u5bb6\u89e3\u4f53\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5bfa\u9662\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u4f1a\u5802\u3001\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5b97\u6559\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6587\u660e\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8de8\u8d8a\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4f17\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u540c\u6837\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6cd5\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u3002\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f30\u5185\u90e8\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5b97\u6559\u8fb9\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u65f6\u9020\u6210\u6df1\u523b\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5219\u8ba9\u65e7\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8282\u5e86\u6216\u6cbb\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u015eener Akt\u00fcrk \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/nationalities-papers\/article\/nationalism-and-religion-in-comparative-perspective-a-new-typology-of-nationalreligious-configurations\/7965D0CEC6C6A680007386D50D12B95E\" target=\"_blank\" 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u600e\u6837\u652f\u6301\u3001\u6539\u5199\u6216\u538b\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u9012\uff1b\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc1\u636e\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u627f\u8ba4\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Geoffrey Chen, <a href=\"https:\/\/sustenesis.com\/what-is-sustenesis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Is Sustenesis?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Krishan Kumar, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history\/article\/return-of-civilizationand-of-arnold-toynbee\/FE6F858900CBB1843DD7C0D3DD5BE360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Return of Civilization\u2014and of Arnold Toynbee?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Amitav Acharya, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/ethics-and-international-affairs\/article\/myth-of-the-civilization-state-rising-powers-and-the-cultural-challenge-to-world-order\/44FD1E9D1C3E67B6F36619D5080EC060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cThe Myth of the Civilization State\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>John Dunn, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/history-of-political-theory-and-other-essays\/is-there-a-contemporary-crisis-of-the-nation-state\/A0790E675B54A47D410C86938E60C4F9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cIs There a Contemporary Crisis of the Nation State?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dominique Schnapper, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/canadian-journal-of-philosophy-supplementary-volume\/article\/beyond-the-opposition-civic-nation-versus-ethnic-nation\/5DE63CDD57A467E1F8851AD0FA08D1EF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cBeyond the Opposition: Civic Nation versus Ethnic Nation\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Emma Blake, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/elements\/identity-studies-in-archaeology\/FA82272C83859619909F8F10403FCBA0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Identity Studies in Archaeology<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u015eener Akt\u00fcrk, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/nationalities-papers\/article\/nationalism-and-religion-in-comparative-perspective-a-new-typology-of-nationalreligious-configurations\/7965D0CEC6C6A680007386D50D12B95E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cNationalism and Religion in Comparative Perspective\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Guy D. Middleton, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/understanding-collapse\/E2EE38EC4CBFF30F4815879D5991D7CC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Understanding Collapse<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7cfb\u5217\u5bfc\u822a\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/how-civilizations-remain-themselves\/\">\u6d4f\u89c8\u300a\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u603b\u8bba\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u5730\u56fe<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"Explains why a fallen state can coexist with a continuing civilization, and how to separate states, nations, ethnic groups, religions, languages and civilizations.","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"\u9610\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u706d\u4ea1\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6587\u660e\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e76\u6559\u4f60\u533a\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[787296806],"tags":[787296813,787296809,787294331,787296807,787294332,787296810,787296808,787296814],"class_list":["post-17223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-civilizations-remain-themselves","tag-civilization-and-state","tag-civilizational-continuity","tag-787294331","tag-how-civilizations-remain-themselves","tag-sustenesis-theory","tag-civilizational-continuity-zh","tag-how-civilizations-remain-themselves-zh","tag-civilization-and-state-zh",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"A Civilization Is Not a State: Distinguishing Polities, Peoples, Religions, Languages, and Civilizations","zh_CN":"\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u653f\u6743\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u5e94\u600e\u6837\u533a\u5206\uff1f"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-4tN","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17223"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17228,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17223\/revisions\/17228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}