{"id":16860,"date":"2026-08-12T14:52:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T04:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=16860"},"modified":"2026-08-12T12:16:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T02:16:00","slug":"if-no-one-sees-the-whole-how-can-we-have-a-common-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/if-no-one-sees-the-whole-how-can-we-have-a-common-world\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u89c1\u5168\u90e8\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p><em>\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u00b7 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u201c\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u00b7 \u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7bc7<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u573a\u5c71\u706b\u903c\u8fd1\u57ce\u9547\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u753b\u9762\u3002\u6c14\u8c61\u4eba\u5458\u770b\u98ce\u5411\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u6d88\u9632\u5458\u770b\u706b\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u77e5\u9053\u5c0f\u8def\u548c\u623f\u5c4b\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u8c01\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u9053\u9053\u8def\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u4f5c\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ec8\u4e8e\u770b\u89c1\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u5171\u540c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a\u706b\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u54ea\u91cc\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u54ea\u6761\u8def\u4ecd\u7136\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u8c01\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5148\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u8c01\u4f5c\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u5883\u628a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e0d\u663e\u773c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u673a\u6784\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751a\u81f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u638c\u63e1\u5168\u8c8c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u5206\u5de5\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u62fc\u63a5\u80fd\u591f\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u89c1\u76f8\u540c\u4e1c\u897f\u624d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u89c1\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e92\u76f8\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5e45\u5185\u5728\u56fe\u50cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u201d\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5931\u53bb\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5171\u4eab\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\uff08shared reality\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u5185\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/journals\/perspectives\/j.1745-6924.2009.01161.x\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Echterhoff\u3001Higgins \u4e0e Levine \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0<\/a>\u628a\u5171\u4eab\u73b0\u5b9e\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5355\u7eaf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u611f\u89c9\u5f7c\u6b64\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u8868\u8fbe\u5411\u542c\u8005\u9884\u671f\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u540c\u611f\u56e0\u6b64\u65e2\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5171\u4eab\u800c\u538b\u4f4e\u771f\u5b9e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u81f4\u611f\u8bef\u5f53\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u7531\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u76f8\u540c\u201d\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4f60\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u53c2\u7167\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5f7c\u6b64\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u51fa\u6750\u6599\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u4ecd\u6709\u5206\u6b67\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4ece\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u5230\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5f7c\u6b64\u77e5\u9053\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u636e\u6b64\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u95f4\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u79c1\u4e0b\u6536\u5230\u8001\u5e08\u4f1a\u8fdf\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u636e\u6b64\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u5199\u6210\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/common-knowledge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u300a\u65af\u5766\u798f\u54f2\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6761\u76ee<\/a>\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9010\u5c42\u8ba1\u7b97\u65e0\u9650\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u516c\u544a\u3001\u5171\u540c\u573a\u5408\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u89c4\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u8db3\u591f\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u516c\u5f00\u8bf4\u660e\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u83b7\u5f97\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u5171\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u53ef\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5171\u540c\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u672f\u8bed\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u5206\u6b67\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5404\u81ea\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u84b8\u53d1<\/h2>\n<p>Edwin Hutchins \u5bf9\u8239\u8236\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u5934\u8111\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262082310\/cognition-in-the-wild\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u300aCognition in the Wild\u300b<\/a>\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u975e\u5148\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6574\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u4ed6\u6307\u6325\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u8868\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u9662\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u90fd\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u5c40\u90e8\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fdd\u5b58\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4eea\u5668\u8f6c\u6362\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u5c97\u4f4d\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u9003\u79bb\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8bf4\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5171\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u8c01\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u8ba4\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8c01\u6709\u6743\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3001\u8c01\u76d1\u6d4b\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u8c01\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u505c\u4e0b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c01\u5411\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u638c\u63e1\u8005\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5374\u4ecd\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e <a href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/\"><em>After the Knowing Subject<\/em><\/a> 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href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/journals\/perspectives\/j.1745-6924.2009.01161.x\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shared Reality: Experiencing Commonality with Others&#39; Inner States About the World<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/common-knowledge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Common Knowledge \u2014 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/collective-intentionality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Collective Intentionality \u2014 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262082310\/cognition-in-the-wild\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cognition in the Wild \u2014 Edwin Hutchins<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/epistemology-social\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social Epistemology \u2014 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/category\/reflections\/knowledge-life\/how-a-person-builds-a-world\/\">\u6d4f\u89c8\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"Explores how a common world can be built when no one sees the whole, through public objects, translated expertise, traceable links, and accountable 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