{"id":12084,"date":"2026-02-08T10:52:59","date_gmt":"2026-02-07T23:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=12084"},"modified":"2026-02-08T11:27:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T00:27:15","slug":"david-hume-a-treatise-of-human-nature-study-notes-unit-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/david-hume-a-treatise-of-human-nature-study-notes-unit-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f11\u8c1f\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u5355\u5143\u4e09The Self and Personal Identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u672c\u5355\u5143\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u56de\u7b54\uff0815 \u9898\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 1\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5426\u8ba4\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u7701\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 2\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u8ba8\u8bba\u81ea\u6211\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u4ee5\u5185\u7701\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u77e5\u89c9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0e\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 7\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u683c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u5c06\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 8\uff1a\u4eba\u683c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u503c\u540c\u4e00\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 9\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 10\uff1a\u4eba\u683c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 11\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u662f\u5426\u5426\u8ba4\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 12\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u5426\u8ba4\u81ea\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 13\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5426\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 14\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u662f\u5426\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee 15\uff1a\u672c\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u8054\u7ed3\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Study Notes \u00b7 Unit Three<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature: The Self and Personal Identity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Book I of the <em>Treatise<\/em>, Hume examines the self through introspection. He argues that reflection reveals only particular perceptions\u2014such as sensations, emotions, and thoughts\u2014and never a distinct, enduring self. The self, therefore, is not an object of experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On this basis, Hume holds that what is called the self is merely a collection of changing perceptions rather than a unified entity. The continuity and resemblance among perceptions generate an impression of unity, but this impression does not correspond to any permanent object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With respect to personal identity, Hume distinguishes practical usage from philosophical interpretation. Everyday talk of \u201cthe same person\u201d is legitimate, but it does not imply strict numerical identity. Memory connects perceptions at different times, thereby producing a belief in continuity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume concludes that both the self and personal identity are not entities discovered in experience but ideas formed through psychological association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Questions and Answers (Unit Three)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 1: Why does Hume deny direct experience of the self?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: Because introspection reveals only particular perceptions, not an independent self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 2: What method does Hume use in discussing the self?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: He relies on introspective experience rather than metaphysical assumptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 3: Does Hume find the self in experience?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 4: What is the \u201cbundle of perceptions\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: A collection of changing sensations, emotions, and thoughts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 5: Does this bundle form a unified entity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 6: Why do we believe the self is unified?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: Because of continuity and resemblance among perceptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 7: How does Hume understand personal identity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: As psychological continuity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 8: Does personal identity imply numerical identity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 9: What role does memory play?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: It connects perceptions at different times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 10: Is personal identity an empirical fact?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 11: Does Hume reject everyday talk of the self?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 12: What does Hume reject?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: The self as a substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 13: Does this view deny the existence of perceptions?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 14: Does Hume construct a new ontology of the self?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Question 15: What is the central conclusion of this unit?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: The self is an idea produced by psychological association, not an entity given in experience.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u5355\u5143\u5bf9\u5e94\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u683c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f11\u8c1f\u7ee7\u7eed\u575a\u6301\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7701\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8003\u5bdf\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u5426\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 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href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/david-hume-a-treatise-of-human-nature-study-notes-unit-3\/\">More<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[160874,783694611],"tags":[153729,1868,9581],"class_list":["post-12084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-david-hume","category-philosophy-notes","tag-hume","tag-philosophy","tag-9581","post_format-post-format-image",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u4f11\u8c1f\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u5355\u5143\u4e09The 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