{"id":11247,"date":"2025-10-14T13:38:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T02:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=11247"},"modified":"2025-10-14T13:48:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T02:48:14","slug":"%e4%bc%91%e8%b0%9f%ef%bc%9a%e9%82%a3%e4%b8%aa%e6%b8%a9%e6%9f%94%e7%9a%84%e6%80%80%e7%96%91%e8%80%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e4%bc%91%e8%b0%9f%ef%bc%9a%e9%82%a3%e4%b8%aa%e6%b8%a9%e6%9f%94%e7%9a%84%e6%80%80%e7%96%91%e8%80%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f11\u8c1f\uff1a\u90a3\u4e2a\u6e29\u67d4\u7684\u6000\u7591\u8005 David Hume: The Gentle Skeptic"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/hume.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"11249\" 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u5047\u88c5\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6e29\u67d4\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u516d\u3001\u5bf9\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f11\u8c1f\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5176\u5b9e\u633a\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u6ca1\u5356\u597d\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5f53\u6559\u6388\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u201c\u4e0d\u591f\u8654\u8bda\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u540e\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4ece\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u68a6\u4e2d\u60ca\u9192\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u56e0\u6b64\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u201c\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f11\u8c1f\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5eb7\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u518d\u5f80\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90fd\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bd4\u5982AI\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u7ecf\u9a8c\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u201c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u6b63\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\u770b\u7a7f\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e03\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u9759\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f11\u8c1f\u665a\u5e74\u8fc7\u5f97\u5f88\u5e73\u9759\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4e66\u3001\u6563\u6b65\u3001\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u804a\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u795e\u60c5\u5b89\u8be6\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u8fd8\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u8c1c\u56e2\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u8d70\u5f97\u50cf\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u90a3\u6837\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b89\u9759\u3001\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u5e26\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>David Hume: The Gentle Skeptic<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>By Geoffrey Chen \uff5c Column: Intelligence &amp; Thought<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you look back along the river of philosophy,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">you\u2019ll find some thinkers loud and fiery\u2014Nietzsche, Rousseau, and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there was also one man who rarely raised his voice,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">yet with quiet doubt, he changed the course of philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His name was <strong>David Hume (1711\u20131776).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. A Quiet Scotsman<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume was born in Scotland in 1711,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a cold land with warm ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At that time, British philosophy was moving from theology to reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Science was rising, and people believed the world could be calculated, explained, and proven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume was intelligent and bookish from an early age,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">entering the University of Edinburgh as a teenager.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But unlike many philosophers, he didn\u2019t enjoy debates or grand speeches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He preferred solitude and reflection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In his youth, he tried working as a merchant\u2014but failed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So he retreated to the countryside and began writing,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">composing the book that would make him immortal: <em>A Treatise of Human Nature.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In that work, he wrote:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI want to apply the experimental method to the study of human nature, as Newton did to nature.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He wanted to treat humanity itself as an object of observation\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">not to discuss abstract \u201csouls\u201d or \u201cGod,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but to understand how the mind actually works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. What Was He Really Thinking?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume wanted to answer a simple but profound question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How do we know the world is real?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, you see the sun rise every day,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">so you believe \u201cthe sun will rise tomorrow.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But could there be a day when it doesn\u2019t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can you <em>prove<\/em> it will?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He realized that reason can\u2019t prove such things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We only get used to seeing certain events follow one another,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and so we <em>assume<\/em> they are connected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFire burns,\u201d \u201capples fall,\u201d \u201cthe sun rises\u201d\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">none of these are conclusions of reason;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">they are habits formed by repeated experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So Hume said:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cReason is not the source of our belief in causation\u2014habit is.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That single line shook the entire philosophical world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Until then, people believed reason could explain everything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume said: <em>No\u2014you\u2019re just accustomed to the world\u2019s patterns.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. What Is the Self?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume also had a striking idea about the \u201cself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Descartes had said, \u201cI think, therefore I am,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">meaning the thinker is the self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Hume disagreed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhen I look inside myself, I never catch sight of a permanent \u2018I.\u2019<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I only see a flow of sensations\u2014pleasure, pain, hunger, hope.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To him, the self isn\u2019t a solid core but a <strong>bundle of perceptions<\/strong>\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">like a river, always changing from moment to moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \u201cyou\u201d of today and the \u201cyou\u201d of yesterday aren\u2019t really the same person;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">it\u2019s memory that makes them appear continuous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This insight remains ahead of its time even today,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">echoing in psychology and neuroscience:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">the self isn\u2019t a thing\u2014it\u2019s a <em>process<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And Hume saw that three centuries ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Reason and Emotion: Who\u2019s in Charge?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume\u2019s most famous line might be this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cReason is, and ought only to be, the slave of the passions.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At first it sounds harsh, but it\u2019s deeply true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We like to think we make decisions rationally,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but most of the time, emotion drives us,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and reason simply finds excuses afterward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume believed morality doesn\u2019t come from logic,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but from feeling\u2014from sympathy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you feel sorrow at another\u2019s suffering,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">that sympathy is the root of morality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s not logic that tells you to help\u2014it\u2019s your heart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume brought philosophy back<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">from the cold heights of rationalism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">to the warmth of human emotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. His Attitude Toward Religion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume lived in an age of faith,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but he was not an atheist out to \u201cfight God.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He simply said:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">God cannot be proven by reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ve never <em>seen<\/em> God\u2014only heard stories of others\u2019 experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So reason cannot tell us \u201cGod must exist.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He didn\u2019t deny God; he just refused to pretend we could know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It was, in his own way, a <strong>gentle kind of skepticism.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. His Influence on Later Thought<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During his lifetime, Hume was rather lonely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His books didn\u2019t sell well,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and universities refused to hire him because he was \u201cnot pious enough.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But decades later, a German philosopher named <strong>Immanuel Kant<\/strong> read his work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and said a line that changed history:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt was Hume who awoke me from my dogmatic slumber.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That awakening led Kant to rethink the relationship between reason and experience,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">producing <em>The Critique of Pure Reason<\/em>\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">the cornerstone of modern philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without Hume, there would be no Kant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And beyond that, analytic philosophy, logical positivism, psychology,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">even artificial intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">all carry something of Hume\u2019s spirit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think of AI learning from data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">it doesn\u2019t understand <em>why<\/em> things happen,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">it only finds patterns that <em>seem<\/em> connected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s pure Humean empiricism\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">machines, like humans, live by habit, not certainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. A Peaceful Ending<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hume\u2019s later years were serene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He held no religious faith, no radical politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He read, walked, and chatted with friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When he died, he was calm\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">reportedly joking, \u201cSoon I shall know the great secret.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He left the world as he lived in it\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">quiet, rational, and warm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u957f\u6cb3\u91cc\u5f80\u56de\u770b\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f88\u5435\u3001\u5f88\u6fc0\u70c8\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u5c3c\u91c7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5362\u68ad\u3002 \u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u62ac\u9ad8\u55d3\u95e8\uff0c\u5374\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u3002 \u4ed6\u53eb\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u4f11\u8c1f\uff08David Hume\uff09\u3002 \u2e3b \u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4eba \u4f11\u8c1f\u51fa\u751f\u57281711\u5e74\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u5019\u9634\u51b7\u4f46\u601d\u60f3\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5708\u6b63\u4ece\u795e\u5b66\u8d70\u5411\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u3002 \u4f11\u8c1f\u4ece\u5c0f\u806a\u660e\u3001\u7231\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u4ed6\u5341\u51e0\u5c81\u5c31\u8fdb\u4e86\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u3002 \u53ef\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u6837\u7231\u4e89\u8fa9\u6216\u5ba3\u8bb2\u5927\u9053\u7406\uff0c \u4ed6\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u559c\u6b22\u72ec\u5904\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u4ed6\u53bb\u505a\u8fc7\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff1b \u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7d22\u6027\u8eb2\u8fdb\u4e61\u4e0b\u5199\u4e66\uff0c\u5199\u90a3\u672c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u540d\u5782\u9752\u53f2\u7684\u2014\u2014\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\uff1a \u201c\u6211\u60f3\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u725b\u987f\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u628a\u4eba\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u6765\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53bb\u8c08\u90a3\u4e9b\u865a\u65e0\u7f25\u7f08\u7684\u201c\u7075\u9b42\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u201d\u3002 \u2e3b \u4e8c\u3001\u4ed6\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u60f3\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \u4f11\u8c1f\u6700\u60f3\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u5374\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a \u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff1f &hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e4%bc%91%e8%b0%9f%ef%bc%9a%e9%82%a3%e4%b8%aa%e6%b8%a9%e6%9f%94%e7%9a%84%e6%80%80%e7%96%91%e8%80%85\/\">More<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783694611,780925312],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-philosophy-notes","category-reflections","post_format-post-format-image","","has-post-thumbnail","fallback-thumbnail"],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u4f11\u8c1f\uff1a\u90a3\u4e2a\u6e29\u67d4\u7684\u6000\u7591\u8005 David Hume: The Gentle Skeptic"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2Vp","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11247"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11259,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247\/revisions\/11259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}