{"id":11098,"date":"2025-10-01T11:22:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T01:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/2025\/10\/01\/%e8%b5%96%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%a6%e6%af%94%e5%96%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%af%b9%e7%ac%9b%e5%8d%a1%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e8%af%af%e8%a7%a3-ryles-university-an\/"},"modified":"2025-10-01T11:22:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T01:22:21","slug":"%e8%b5%96%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%a6%e6%af%94%e5%96%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%af%b9%e7%ac%9b%e5%8d%a1%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e8%af%af%e8%a7%a3-ryles-university-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e8%b5%96%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%a6%e6%af%94%e5%96%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%af%b9%e7%ac%9b%e5%8d%a1%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e8%af%af%e8%a7%a3-ryles-university-an\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u8bef\u89e3 Ryle\u2019s \u201cUniversity\u201d Analogy and His Misinterpretation of Descartes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u8bef\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8d56\u5c14\uff08Gilbert Ryle\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5fc3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u300b\u4ee5\u5176\u7280\u5229\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u201d\u8bbd\u523a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u5fc3\u8eab\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u5207\u4e2d\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u867d\u7136\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5bf9\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6bd4\u55bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d56\u5c14\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c2\u89c2\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u770b\u89c1\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u64cd\u573a\u548c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u540e\uff0c\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u8d56\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u628a\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7075\u5219\u662f\u673a\u5668\u91cc\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u4e00\u53ea\u5e7d\u7075\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4ece\u672a\u628a\u5fc3\u7075\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5b66\u9662\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\uff08res cogitans\uff09\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\uff08res extensa\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\uff08cogitatio\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6000\u7591\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u201c\u5ef6\u5c55\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5360\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7075\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8eab\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5fc3\u7075\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\u5fc3\u7075\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc3\u7075\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f53\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\uff1a\u4ed6\u628a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u201c\u96c6\u5408\u88ab\u9519\u5f53\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f46\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u5316\uff1a\u8d56\u5c14\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5e7d\u7075\u5728\u673a\u5668\u91cc\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5929\u771f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u7075\u662f\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\uff1a\u8d56\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u6784\u4e3a\u8bed\u4e49\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u672c\u610f\u7684\u516c\u5141\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u516c\u5141\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u7136\u65e0\u7684\u653e\u77e2\u3002\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u628a\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u653e\u8fdb\u201c\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5236\u9020\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u52a8\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u6210\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u5207\u4e2d\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u4ed6\u5728\u6bd4\u55bb\u548c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6bd4\u55bb\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4fee\u8f9e\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u6bd4\u55bb\u56fa\u7136\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u8bef\u5f53\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u201c\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u201d\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5e7f\u5ef6\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ryle\u2019s \u201cUniversity\u201d Analogy and His Misinterpretation of Descartes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In twentieth-century philosophy of mind, Gilbert Ryle\u2019s The Concept of Mind became famous for its sharp critique of Cartesian dualism. Ryle ridiculed Descartes\u2019 position as the \u201cghost in the machine,\u201d and introduced the notion of a \u201ccategory mistake\u201d with the well-known \u201cuniversity\u201d analogy. Yet one must ask: did Ryle\u2019s attack truly capture what Descartes meant by \u201cmind\u201d? In my view, Ryle\u2019s argument is stimulating, but it significantly misinterprets Descartes\u2019 definition of the mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ryle\u2019s University Analogy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ryle offers a well-known example: imagine someone visiting a university. After being shown the colleges, libraries, offices, and playing fields, he asks: \u201cBut where is the university itself?\u201d According to Ryle, this is a category mistake, for the university is not an extra object alongside these buildings, but rather the organization and functioning of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ryle believed Descartes committed the same kind of mistake\u2014treating the mind as if it were a separate entity, distinct from the body, like a ghost operating a machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Descartes\u2019 Actual Definition of the Mind<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Descartes did not conceive of the mind as a \u201cuniversity\u201d mistakenly taken for an additional object. Instead, his mind (res cogitans) has a clear ontological status, distinct from the body (res extensa):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The mind has thought (cogitatio) as its essential attribute, encompassing doubting, understanding, imagining, willing, and sensing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The body has extension as its essential attribute, occupying space and having shape.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The mind is not dependent on the body for its existence; even if the body perishes, the mind can persist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, when Descartes says we \u201chave a mind,\u201d he does not mean the mind is a collective abstraction like a university. He means that the mind is a genuinely independent, non-material substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why Ryle\u2019s Critique Misinterprets Descartes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ryle\u2019s criticism is problematic for several reasons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oversimplification: He portrays Descartes\u2019 mind as if it were merely a mistaken reification of a collection. Yet for Descartes, the mind is not a conceptual aggregate but a truly independent non-material substance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Straw Man: Ryle strengthens his argument by caricaturing Descartes\u2019 position as na\u00efvely positing \u201ca ghost inside the machine,\u201d as if Descartes thought of mind as a second physical object. This trivializes the depth of Descartes\u2019 philosophy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neglect of Ontology: Ryle rephrases Descartes\u2019 dualism in terms of linguistic or logical confusion, sidestepping Descartes\u2019 serious metaphysical claim that mind and body are distinct substances.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A Fair Assessment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That said, Ryle\u2019s criticism is not entirely misplaced. By insisting that the mind is a \u201csubstance,\u201d Descartes indeed created the notorious interaction problem: how can two substances of utterly different natures causally affect each other? In this sense, Ryle rightly points out a fundamental tension in Cartesian dualism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet his university analogy does not faithfully represent Descartes\u2019 definition of mind. It functions more as a rhetorical device to advance his own behaviorist framework than as a fair engagement with Descartes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ryle\u2019s university analogy is vivid, but it oversimplifies Descartes\u2019 notion of the mind. For Descartes, the mind is not a mistakenly reified abstraction but an independent thinking substance. Ryle\u2019s critique succeeds more as a philosophical strategy\u2014constructing a straw man in order to reject substance dualism\u2014than as an accurate reading of Descartes. To truly understand Descartes, we must move beyond Ryle\u2019s rhetoric and return to Descartes\u2019 profound distinction between res cogitans and res extensa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8d56\u5c14\uff08Gilbert Ryle\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5fc3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u300b\u4ee5\u5176\u7280\u5229\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u201d\u8bbd\u523a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u5fc3\u8eab\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u5207\u4e2d\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u867d\u7136\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5bf9\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783694611],"tags":[1868,9581,345812463],"class_list":["post-11098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-philosophy-notes","tag-philosophy","tag-9581","tag-345812463","post_format-post-format-image",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u8d56\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u8bef\u89e3 Ryle\u2019s \u201cUniversity\u201d Analogy and His Misinterpretation of Descartes"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2T0","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11098\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}