{"id":11080,"date":"2025-09-29T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T01:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/2025\/09\/29\/%e5%bf%83%e7%81%b5%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%ac%ac6%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%81%b5%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%9c%a8%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%95%8c%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%b0%e4%bd%8d\/"},"modified":"2025-09-29T12:04:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T02:04:00","slug":"%e5%bf%83%e7%81%b5%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%ac%ac6%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%81%b5%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%9c%a8%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%95%8c%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%b0%e4%bd%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e5%bf%83%e7%81%b5%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%ac%ac6%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%81%b5%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%9c%a8%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%95%8c%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%b0%e4%bd%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a\u7b2c6\u7ae0\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08Minds and Their Place in Nature\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd8\u00a0<\/strong>John Heil &#8211; Philosophy of Mind<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c6\u7ae0 \u5fc3\u7075\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08Minds and Their Place in Nature\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u62ec \/ Chapter Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a<br>\u672c\u7ae0\u662f\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7efc\u5408\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5fc3\u7075\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u5c5e\u6027\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u8d28\u6027\uff08qualitative\uff09\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\uff08dispositional\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5fc3\u7075\u73b0\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e25\u8083\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English:<br>This chapter serves as a conclusion and synthesis. Heil argues that to understand the mind, we must adopt a broader metaphysical perspective. His central idea is that the world consists of objects and their properties, and properties have both qualitative and causal-dispositional aspects. Mental phenomena must be situated within this natural order. He critiques the shortcomings of functionalism and materialism, proposing a view that takes ontological seriousness seriously: the nature of mind must align with the causal structure of nature. Ultimately, he stresses that the \u201cmind\u2019s place in nature\u201d is not an isolated issue but essential for understanding the overall structure of reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u56db\u5c42\u8981\u70b9 (1-2-3-4) \/ Four-Level Key Points<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u5927\u4e3b\u9898 \/ Main Theme<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5b89\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English: How the mind is situated within the overall structure of nature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898 \/ Core Questions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5fc3\u7075\u5c5e\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u5173\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5728\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English:<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How do mental properties relate to physical properties?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can consciousness be explained within the natural causal network?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What role does ontology play in philosophy of mind?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba \/ Main Theories<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c5e\u6027\u65e2\u662f\u8d28\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7075\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English:<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The world consists of objects and their properties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Properties are both qualitative and causal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The mind is part of the natural causal structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd \/ Evaluation and Legacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c06\u5fc3\u7075\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u4ecd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5728\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English:<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Strengths: provides a unified ontological framework, situating mind within natural science.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weaknesses: still struggles with the subjectivity of consciousness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legacy: underscores the central role of metaphysics in philosophy of mind.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83c\udfaf&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\u7b54\u9898\uff0830\u9053\uff0c\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\uff09 \/ 30 Q&amp;A (Bilingual)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\uff1a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u80cc\u666f \/ Metaphysical Background (1\u201310)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5728\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f \/ Why does Heil emphasize metaphysics in philosophy of mind?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7075\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br>A: Because mind-related issues are ultimately ontological.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \/ What is the basic constitution of the world?<br>A: \u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<br>A: Objects and their properties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u5c5e\u6027\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff1f \/ What aspects do properties have?<br>A: \u8d28\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u9762\u3002<br>A: Qualitative and causal aspects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5c5e\u6027\uff1f \/ What are causal properties?<br>A: \u5c5e\u6027\u8d4b\u4e88\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br>A: Properties that confer causal powers to objects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc3\u7075\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u534f\u8c03\uff1f \/ Why must the mind align with the causal structure of nature?<br>A: \u5426\u5219\u5fc3\u7075\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u4f53\u3002<br>A: Otherwise the mind cannot be integrated into the natural order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\uff1f \/ Why does Heil critique possible-world semantics?<br>A: \u5b83\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u6839\u57fa\u3002<br>A: Because it neglects the ontological grounding of the actual world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u6027\u201d\uff1f \/ What is \u201contological seriousness\u201d?<br>A: \u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u6ce8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br>A: Taking the fundamental structure of being seriously in philosophical explanation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f62\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\uff1f \/ Why can\u2019t philosophy rely solely on formal tools?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br>A: Because they may obscure real ontological issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u7684\uff1f \/ Why are science and metaphysics complementary?<br>A: \u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u3002<br>A: Science provides data, metaphysics provides the overall framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7075\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff1f \/ Why does Heil argue the mind problem is not isolated?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002<br>A: Because it is tied to the ontological structure of nature as a whole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u4f4d \/ Natural Placement of Mind (11\u201320)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"11\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Q: \u5fc3\u7075\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f \/ Where are mental phenomena located in nature?<br>A: \u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<br>A: They are part of the natural causal structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u7075\uff1f \/ Why is functionalism insufficient to explain the mind?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8d28\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u3002<br>A: Because it ignores the qualitative aspect of properties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1f \/ Why is materialism insufficient?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u7269\u7406\u540c\u4e00\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7279\u8d28\u3002<br>A: Because it overemphasizes physical identity and neglects experiential qualities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u5fc3\u7075\u5c5e\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u5173\uff1f \/ How do mental and physical properties relate?<br>A: \u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u3002<br>A: They may be different aspects of the same objects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u8bc6\u96be\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\uff1f \/ Why is consciousness difficult to reduce?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u7684\u8d28\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<br>A: Because it has first-person qualitative experience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u8d28\u6027\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\uff1f \/ What is the unity of qualitative and causal aspects?<br>A: \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u65e2\u6709\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d4b\u4e88\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u3002<br>A: Every property has both qualitative and causal features.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\uff1f \/ Why does Heil stress the dual aspect of properties?<br>A: \u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u3002<br>A: To account for both experience and causation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc3\u7075\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f \/ Why must the mind be explained within the natural whole?<br>A: \u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u6216\u795e\u79d8\u5316\u3002<br>A: Otherwise we fall into dualism or mystification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u5fc3\u7075\u95ee\u9898\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1f \/ Why does the mind problem affect the whole philosophical system?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u89e6\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br>A: Because it concerns the fundamental structure of being, causation, and experience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u5fc3\u7075\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \/ What is the goal of naturalizing the mind?<br>A: \u5c06\u5fc3\u7075\u5b8c\u5168\u7f6e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u800c\u4e0d\u6d88\u89e3\u5176\u7279\u8d28\u3002<br>A: To situate the mind fully within natural science without dissolving its uniqueness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ec4\uff1a\u7efc\u5408\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7 \/ Synthesis and Evaluation (21\u201330)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"21\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Q: \u672c\u7ae0\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f \/ How does the chapter evaluate functionalism?<br>A: \u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<br>A: It sees it as scientifically strong but ontologically weak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u672c\u7ae0\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7\u552f\u7269\u8bba\uff1f \/ How does the chapter evaluate materialism?<br>A: \u79d1\u5b66\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5ffd\u7565\u8d28\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<br>A: Scientific, but neglectful of qualitative experience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \/ What new framework does Heil propose?<br>A: \u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u3002<br>A: An ontology based on objects and properties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c5e\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8d28\u6027+\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\uff1f \/ Why must properties be both qualitative and causal?<br>A: \u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<br>A: Otherwise we cannot explain the union of experience and causation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u4e3a\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\uff1f \/ Why is ontological unity important?<br>A: \u5b83\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002<br>A: It ensures coherence between natural science and philosophy of mind.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u8bba\uff1f \/ How does Heil\u2019s view differ from eliminativism?<br>A: \u4ed6\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u5fc3\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u3002<br>A: He doesn\u2019t deny mental properties but naturalizes them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u5230\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff1f \/ Why must philosophy of mind return to metaphysics?<br>A: \u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br>A: Because only metaphysics explains the overall relation of mind and nature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \/ What is the strength of this chapter?<br>A: \u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u3002<br>A: It provides a unified framework, integrating various theories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \/ What is its weakness?<br>A: \u5bf9\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4ecd\u6709\u9650\u3002<br>A: Its account of subjectivity remains limited.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q: \u5168\u4e66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \/ What is the book\u2019s central conclusion?<br>A: \u5fc3\u7075\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<br>A: The mind must be ontologically situated within the natural whole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u662f\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7efc\u5408\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5fc3\u7075\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u5c5e\u6027\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u8d28\u6027\uff08qualitative\uff09\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\uff08dispositional\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5fc3\u7075\u73b0\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e25\u8083\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783694611],"tags":[1868,9581],"class_list":["post-11080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-philosophy-notes","tag-philosophy","tag-9581","post_format-post-format-image",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a\u7b2c6\u7ae0\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08Minds 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