{"id":10899,"date":"2025-09-11T09:03:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T23:03:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/2025\/09\/11\/%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98%e4%ba%86%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e7%9a%84%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e8%8c%83%e7%95%b4%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2025-09-11T09:03:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T23:03:09","slug":"%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98%e4%ba%86%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e7%9a%84%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e8%8c%83%e7%95%b4%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98%e4%ba%86%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e7%9a%84%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e8%8c%83%e7%95%b4%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8303\u7574\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"760\" data-attachment-id=\"10898\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/30d27d3b-af47-4581-8238-b517a0909f49\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30d27d3b-af47-4581-8238-b517a0909f49.png?fit=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1536,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"30D27D3B-AF47-4581-8238-B517A0909F49\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30d27d3b-af47-4581-8238-b517a0909f49.png?fit=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30d27d3b-af47-4581-8238-b517a0909f49.png?resize=1140%2C760&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10898\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u786e\u5b9e\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u5206\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff08Kausalit\u00e4t\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u628a\u611f\u6027\u6750\u6599\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u7a7a\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u8303\u7574\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6444\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u51b2\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5230\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u201d\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\uff1a\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u53d8\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u662f\u201c\u666e\u904d\u5fc5\u7136\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6d4b\u4e0d\u51c6\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\uff09\u6697\u793a\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u6027\u7684 indeterminacy\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20\uff1a\u975e\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\uff08non-locality\uff09\u73b0\u8c61\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u5148\u9a8c\u6f14\u7ece\u300b\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. \u5eb7\u5fb7\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8c03\u548c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ece\u201c\u4e25\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\uff1a\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u51c6\u5907\u5b9e\u9a8c \u2192 \u6d4b\u91cf \u2192 \u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u201c\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u533a\u5206\u201c\u7269\u81ea\u4f53\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u201d\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u7269\u81ea\u4f53\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u63ed\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u98a0\u8986\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u5185\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. \u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u7ffb\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u673a\u68b0\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e16\u754c\u5fc5\u7136\u670d\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff08\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6982\u7387\u89c4\u5f8b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6d1e\u89c1\u2014\u2014\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u7406\u6027\u8303\u7574\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4f9d\u65e7\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u6311\u6218\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u7684\u201c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u54f2\u5b66\u6839\u672c\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u6467\u6bc1\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u65e9\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u53ea\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a very interesting question. Quantum mechanics does indeed challenge some of the a priori categories Kant set forth in Critique of Pure Reason, especially the status of causality. Let me break it down in several layers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Kant\u2019s Conception of Causality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For Kant, causality (Kausalit\u00e4t) is not derived from experience but is an a priori category of the understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What he means is this: the reason we can even have an \u201cexperienced world\u201d at all is because human reason actively organizes sensory data according to the forms of space and time and the category of causality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, the causal law is a condition for the possibility of experience. Without causality, we could not have natural science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. The Challenge from Quantum Mechanics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 20th century, quantum mechanics posed serious challenges to the idea of \u201ccausality as necessity\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Probabilistic causality: The behavior of micro-particles (e.g., radioactive decay) cannot be predicted by strict causal laws but only by probability distributions. This seems to contradict Kant\u2019s view that causality is universal and necessary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uncertainty principle: Heisenberg\u2019s relation suggests that the world itself may not follow fully determined causal chains, but instead contains intrinsic indeterminacy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quantum entanglement: Non-local phenomena challenge Kant\u2019s emphasis (in the Transcendental Deduction) on the intuitive framework of space and causal order.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Possible Kantian Responses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some Kantian scholars and philosophers of science have tried to reconcile the two:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Causality is not abolished but reinterpreted: Quantum mechanics does not deny causality; it shows that causality takes the form of statistical laws rather than strict determinism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Causality as a condition of experience still holds: Even in quantum experiments, we must employ a causal framework (preparation \u2192 measurement \u2192 result) to organize experience. In this sense, the \u201cprobability distribution\u201d itself is an expression of causal order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phenomena vs. noumena: The indeterminacy revealed by quantum mechanics can be taken as a property of the phenomenal realm, not of the \u201cthing-in-itself.\u201d From this perspective, Kant\u2019s framework is not overthrown but rather expanded to account for new empirical forms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quantum mechanics does not completely overturn Kant; instead, it forces us to reinterpret what Kant meant by causality:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It no longer signifies mechanical determinism but rather the necessity that experience must follow some form of lawful order, even probabilistic ones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kant\u2019s central insight\u2014\u201cexperience must be structured by categories of reason\u201d\u2014still stands.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is truly challenged is the traditional deterministic reading of causality, not the foundation of Kant\u2019s transcendental philosophy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quantum mechanics does not destroy Kant, but instead makes him more modern\u2014he had already pointed out that the world we perceive is \u201cphenomenal,\u201d structured by reason, and quantum mechanics simply reveals another possible form of that framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u786e\u5b9e\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783694611],"tags":[1787006,787293858,1868,9581],"class_list":["post-10899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-philosophy-notes","tag-1787006","tag-kant","tag-philosophy","tag-9581","post_format-post-format-image","","has-post-thumbnail","fallback-thumbnail"],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8303\u7574\u5417\uff1f"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2PN","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10899"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10899\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}