{"id":10852,"date":"2025-09-07T20:22:20","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T10:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10852"},"modified":"2025-09-08T12:10:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T02:10:09","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e5%88%b0%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e5%88%b0%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u5230\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 51-55"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Photo by Geoffrey Chen in Broome<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9053\u751f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fb7\u755c\u4e4b\uff0c\u7269\u5f62\u4e4b\uff0c\u52bf\u6210\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4ee5\u4e07\u7269\u83ab\u4e0d\u5c0a\u9053\u800c\u8d35\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9053\u4e4b\u5c0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u4e4b\u8d35\uff0c\u592b\u83ab\u4e4b\u547d\u800c\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u9053\u751f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fb7\u755c\u4e4b\uff1b\u957f\u4e4b\u80b2\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ead\u4e4b\u6bd2\u4e4b\uff0c\u517b\u4e4b\u8986\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u800c\u5f17\u6709\uff0c\u4e3a\u800c\u5f17\u6043\uff0c\u957f\u800c\u5f17\u5bb0\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u7384\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dao gives birth,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Virtue nourishes,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Things shape,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Circumstances complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus all things honor Dao and value virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The honor of Dao and the value of virtue\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No one commands them, yet they are always natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore Dao gives birth,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Virtue nourishes;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They grow, are raised, matured, supported,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cared for and sheltered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To give life but not possess,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To act but not rely,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To lead but not dominate\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is called profound virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79f0\u201c\u751f\u800c\u5f17\u6709\uff0c\u4e3a\u800c\u5f17\u6043\uff0c\u957f\u800c\u5f17\u5bb0\u201d\u4e3a\u7384\u5fb7\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u4e4b\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5360\u6709\u3001\u4e0d\u4f9d\u6043\u3001\u4e0d\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u9053\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why is \u201cgiving life without possessing, acting without relying, leading without dominating\u201d called profound virtue?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because it reflects the selfless spirit of Dao\u2014nurturing naturally, without control or ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u4e0b\u6709\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e2\u5f97\u5176\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u77e5\u5176\u5b50\uff1b\u65e2\u77e5\u5176\u5b50\uff0c\u590d\u5b88\u5176\u6bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u8eab\u4e0d\u6b86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u585e\u5176\u5151\uff0c\u95ed\u5176\u95e8\uff0c\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e0d\u52e4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f00\u5176\u5151\uff0c\u6d4e\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e0d\u6551\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c1\u5c0f\u66f0\u660e\uff0c\u5b88\u67d4\u66f0\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7528\u5176\u5149\uff0c\u590d\u5f52\u5176\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u9057\u8eab\u6b83\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u88ad\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All under Heaven has a beginning,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which may be called the Mother of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having found the Mother, one knows the children;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing the children, return to the Mother\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, one is safe to the end of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Block the openings, shut the doors,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And you will have no toil all your life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open the openings, meddle in affairs,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And you will have no relief all your life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To see the small is clarity;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To keep to softness is strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use the light, return to clarity,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And no harm will come to you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is abiding in constancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6bcd\u201d\u8c61\u5f81\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8c61\u5f81\u201c\u9053\u201d\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u56de\u5f52\u672c\u6e90\u4e4b\u6bcd\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u7a33\u957f\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cMother\u201d symbolize here?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: It symbolizes Dao. One may know the children (things), but must return to the Mother (origin) to be secure and whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f\u6211\u4ecb\u7136\u6709\u77e5\uff0c\u884c\u4e8e\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u552f\u65bd\u662f\u754f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u9053\u751a\u5937\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u597d\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u671d\u751a\u9664\uff0c\u7530\u751a\u829c\uff0c\u4ed3\u751a\u865a\uff0c\u670d\u6587\u91c7\uff0c\u5e26\u5229\u5251\uff0c\u538c\u996e\u98df\uff0c\u8d22\u8d27\u6709\u4f59\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u8c13\u76d7\u5938\uff0c\u975e\u9053\u4e5f\u54c9\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If I had even the least knowledge,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I would walk the great Dao,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My only fear would be straying from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great Dao is very smooth,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet the people love by-paths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The court is very splendid,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fields very weedy,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The granaries very empty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They wear ornate clothes,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carry sharp swords,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indulge in food and drink,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amass wealth beyond measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is called boasting of robbery,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not Dao at all!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6279\u8bc4\u201c\u671d\u751a\u9664\uff0c\u7530\u751a\u829c\uff0c\u4ed3\u751a\u865a\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5962\u534e\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u6c11\u751f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdd\u80cc\u5927\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why criticize \u201csplendid court, weedy fields, empty granaries\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because rulers indulge in luxury while neglecting farming and livelihood, causing imbalance\u2014this goes against Dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u56db\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5584\u5efa\u8005\u4e0d\u62d4\uff0c\u5584\u62b1\u8005\u4e0d\u8131\uff0c\u5b50\u5b59\u4ee5\u796d\u7940\u4e0d\u8f8d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fee\u4e4b\u4e8e\u8eab\uff0c\u5176\u5fb7\u4e43\u771f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fee\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u5fb7\u4e43\u4f59\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fee\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4e61\uff0c\u5176\u5fb7\u4e43\u957f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fee\u4e4b\u4e8e\u90a6\uff0c\u5176\u5fb7\u4e43\u4e30\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fee\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5fb7\u4e43\u666e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u4ee5\u8eab\u89c2\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bb6\u89c2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e61\u89c2\u4e61\uff0c\u4ee5\u90a6\u89c2\u90a6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5929\u4e0b\u89c2\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u543e\u4f55\u4ee5\u77e5\u5929\u4e0b\u7136\u54c9\uff1f\u4ee5\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is well built cannot be pulled down;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is well embraced cannot slip away;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Generations will continue their sacrifices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivate it in the self, and virtue will be true;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivate it in the family, and virtue will overflow;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivate it in the village, and virtue will grow;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivate it in the state, and virtue will abound;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivate it in the world, and virtue will be universal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, view the self from the self,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The family from the family,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The village from the village,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The state from the state,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The world from the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do I know the world is like this?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u5fb7\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u662f\u7531\u5185\u800c\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5230\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u666e\u53ca\u4e07\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What is the core emphasis of this chapter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Cultivation of virtue spreads outward\u2014from self to family, to village, to state, to world\u2014until it becomes universal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u542b\u5fb7\u4e4b\u539a\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8d64\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8702\u867f\u867a\u86c7\u4e0d\u87ab\uff0c\u731b\u517d\u4e0d\u636e\uff0c\u652b\u9e1f\u4e0d\u640f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9aa8\u5f31\u7b4b\u67d4\u800c\u63e1\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672a\u77e5\u725d\u7261\u4e4b\u5408\u800c\u5168\u4f5c\uff0c\u7cbe\u4e4b\u81f3\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ec8\u65e5\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u55c4\uff0c\u548c\u4e4b\u81f3\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u548c\u66f0\u5e38\uff0c\u77e5\u5e38\u66f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ca\u751f\u66f0\u7965\uff0c\u5fc3\u4f7f\u6c14\u66f0\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7269\u58ee\u5219\u8001\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u4e0d\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u9053\u65e9\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One who embodies great virtue<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is like a newborn child.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poisonous insects will not sting,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fierce beasts will not seize,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birds of prey will not strike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bones are weak, muscles soft, yet the grip is firm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unaware of the union of male and female,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet full of vitality\u2014this is the perfection of essence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crying all day without hoarseness\u2014this is the perfection of harmony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing harmony is constancy;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing constancy is clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excess of life is ominous;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mind forcing the breath is strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is strong soon ages\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is not Dao,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is not Dao soon perishes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u628a\u201c\u542b\u5fb7\u4e4b\u539a\u201d\u6bd4\u4f5c\u201c\u8d64\u5b50\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8d64\u5b50\u5355\u7eaf\u5929\u771f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4e16\u4e89\uff0c\u5374\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u673a\u3002\u5fb7\u884c\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u50cf\u5a74\u513f\u4e00\u6837\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why compare \u201cgreat virtue\u201d to a \u201cnewborn child\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because infants are pure and harmonious, not struggling yet full of life. Those of deep virtue live naturally, embodying vitality and harmony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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