{"id":10785,"date":"2025-09-06T11:56:49","date_gmt":"2025-09-06T01:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/2025\/09\/06\/%e3%80%8a%e7%b2%be%e7%a5%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%b1%a1%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%ef%bc%9a%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86-consciousness-%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0\/"},"modified":"2025-09-11T14:53:17","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T04:53:17","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%b2%be%e7%a5%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%b1%a1%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%ef%bc%9a%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86-consciousness-%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e7%b2%be%e7%a5%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%b1%a1%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%ef%bc%9a%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86-consciousness-%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6 (Consciousness) II \u77e5\u89c9 (Perception)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5165 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6 (Consciousness) \u7684II \u2014\u2014 \u77e5\u89c9 (Perception)\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b \u7ae0\u8282\u5bfc\u8bfb + \u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3 + 20\u4e2a\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u95ee\u7b54\u5bf9\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6 (Consciousness)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>II\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9 (Perception)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9 (Core Ideas)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u6bd4\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bf4\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English: Perception goes beyond sense-certainty; it not only says \u201cthis is a thing\u201d but also begins to analyze the properties and characteristics of the object.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u627f\u8ba4\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u989c\u8272\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English: Perception recognizes that the object is a unity composed of multiple properties, such as color, shape, and weight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u7136\u800c\u77db\u76fe\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e2\u662f\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English: Yet a contradiction arises: the object is both a collection of diverse properties and a singular \u201cthis.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u77e5\u89c9\u4f1a\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u201c\u77e5\u89c9\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u6216\u201c\u77e5\u89c9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u77db\u76fe\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u672a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English: To explain this contradiction, perception blames error on the \u201cperceiving subject\u201d or the \u201cprocess of perception,\u201d but the contradiction itself remains unresolved.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u77e5\u89c9\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u201d(Understanding) \u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English: Ultimately, perception must admit that truth lies not in isolated properties of the object but in their relations, paving the way toward \u201cunderstanding.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\u7b54\u5f0f\u5206\u6790 (Q&amp;A Analysis, 20 Pairs)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q1 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u4e0e\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q1 English: What is the difference between perception and sense-certainty?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53ea\u8bf4\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u77e5\u89c9\u5219\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Sense-certainty only says \u201cthis is the thing,\u201d whereas perception analyzes the object\u2019s properties and characteristics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q2 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5728\u77e5\u89c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q2 English: How is the object regarded in perception?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u6027\u8d28\u7edf\u4e00\u800c\u6210\u7684\u201c\u7269\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: The object is regarded as a \u201cthing\u201d unified by many properties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q3 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u89c9\u6bd4\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q3 English: Why is perception higher than sense-certainty?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Because it no longer stays at \u201cthis\u201d but recognizes the internal structure and properties of the object.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q4 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q4 English: What is the basic contradiction of perception?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e2\u662f\u591a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: The object is both a collection of many properties and a single unity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q5 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u77e5\u89c9\u5305\u542b\u201c\u771f\u4e0e\u5047\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q5 English: Why does perception involve the problem of truth and error?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5f53\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Because we may take a property as the object itself, which leads to misunderstanding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q6 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q6 English: How does perception explain error?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: It attributes error to the subject\u2019s judgment, not to the object itself.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u201d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q7 English: Where does universality appear in perception?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u201d\u201c\u575a\u786c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: In the object\u2019s properties, such as \u201cred\u201d or \u201chard,\u201d which are universal determinations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q8 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q8 English: How does perception handle the diversity of properties?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u628a\u5c5e\u6027\u5f52\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u7269\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: It gathers the properties into the unity of a \u201cthing.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q9 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q9 English: Why is the unity of perception unstable?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u8c03\u548c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Because the properties may conflict and are difficult to reconcile within a single object.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q10 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q10 English: What is the relationship between perception and language?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f7f\u77e5\u89c9\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Language provides universal concepts, enabling perception to express the properties of the object.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q11 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\u63a9\u76d6\u77db\u76fe\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q11 English: How does perception conceal contradiction?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u628a\u77db\u76fe\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3b\u89c2\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: It treats contradiction as a defect of subjective perception, not as a problem of the object itself.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q12 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u6700\u7ec8\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u771f\u7406\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q12 English: What truth does perception ultimately reveal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Truth lies not in isolated properties but in the relations among them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q13 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u89c9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q13 English: Why does perception lead to understanding?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Because the relations among properties must be explained by a higher mode of thought.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q14 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u73b0\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q14 English: How does perception embody dialectic?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u591a\u6837\u4e4b\u95f4\u5236\u9020\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: It generates a contradiction between unity and diversity of the object, driving development to a higher stage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q15 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u77e5\u89c9\u6bd4\u611f\u89c9\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u79d1\u5b66\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q15 English: Why is perception closer to science than sense-certainty?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u6307\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Because it introduces classification, properties, and relations, not merely pointing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q16 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7269\u201d\u4e0e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q16 English: How does the \u201cthing\u201d in perception differ from Kant\u2019s \u201cphenomenon\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5148\u9a8c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u7269\u201d\u5219\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Kant\u2019s phenomenon depends on transcendental forms, while Hegel\u2019s \u201cthing\u201d unfolds in the movement of experience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q17 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q17 English: Why can perception not remain in itself?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u63a8\u52a8\u5b83\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u201d\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Because its contradictions push it toward \u201cunderstanding,\u201d seeking a deeper unity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q18 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q18 English: What is the philosophical significance of perception?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: It shows how knowledge develops from the tension between diversity and universality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q19 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\u6279\u5224\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q19 English: How does perception critique empiricism?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Empiricism takes properties as knowledge, but Hegel argues one must grasp their internal relations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q20 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5982\u4f55\u627f\u63a5\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q20 English: How does this chapter lead into the next, \u201cunderstanding\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Answer: Perception reveals that there are necessary relations among an object\u2019s properties, providing the basis for understanding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p 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