{"id":10762,"date":"2025-09-05T13:43:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T03:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10762"},"modified":"2025-09-05T16:12:12","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T06:12:12","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%9b%9b%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e5%88%b0%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e5%8d%81%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%9b%9b%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e5%88%b0%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e5%8d%81%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u516d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 46-50"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u516d\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u4e0b\u6709\u9053\uff0c\u5374\u8d70\u9a6c\u4ee5\u7caa\uff1b\u5929\u4e0b\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u620e\u9a6c\u751f\u4e8e\u90ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7978\u83ab\u5927\u4e8e\u4e0d\u77e5\u8db3\uff0c\u548e\u83ab\u5927\u4e8e\u6b32\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u77e5\u8db3\u4e4b\u8db3\uff0c\u5e38\u8db3\u77e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the Dao prevails in the world,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warhorses are used to plow fields with manure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the Dao is absent,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warhorses breed in the suburbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No disaster is greater than not knowing contentment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No fault is greater than desire for gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, the contentment of contentment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is everlasting contentment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u201c\u9a6c\u201d\u6765\u6bd4\u55bb\u6709\u9053\u548c\u65e0\u9053\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u65e2\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u519c\u8015\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6709\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u751f\u517b\uff1b\u65e0\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u88ab\u517b\u6765\u6253\u4ed7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why use \u201chorses\u201d as a metaphor for Dao or its absence?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because horses can serve peace or war. With Dao, they plow fields; without Dao, they are bred for battle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u51fa\u6237\uff0c\u77e5\u5929\u4e0b\uff1b\u4e0d\u7aa5\u7256\uff0c\u89c1\u5929\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u51fa\u5f25\u8fdc\uff0c\u5176\u77e5\u5f25\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u4e0d\u884c\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c1\u800c\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u800c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without going out the door, one knows the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without looking out the window, one sees the Dao of Heaven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The farther one goes, the less one knows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore the sage knows without traveling,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sees without looking,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accomplishes without doing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u4e0d\u51fa\u6237\uff0c\u77e5\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u9053\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u4f53\u609f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u5954\u6ce2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does it say \u201cwithout leaving the house, one knows the world\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because Dao is everywhere, and true wisdom arises from inner insight, not restless wandering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u516b\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u5b66\u65e5\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u9053\u65e5\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u635f\u4e4b\u53c8\u635f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u65e0\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u4e0d\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53d6\u5929\u4e0b\u5e38\u4ee5\u65e0\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u6709\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u53d6\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In learning, one increases daily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In following Dao, one decreases daily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decrease and decrease again,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Until one reaches non-action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through non-action, nothing is left undone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The world is obtained through letting things be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If one interferes,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is not enough to gain the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u5b66\u65e5\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u9053\u65e5\u635f\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u79ef\u7d2f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1b\u4fee\u9053\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u51cf\u5c11\u6267\u5ff5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u56de\u5f52\u81ea\u7136\u65e0\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cin learning one increases daily, in Dao one decreases daily\u201d mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Learning adds knowledge; Dao practice removes attachments, until one reaches effortless action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5723\u4eba\u65e0\u5e38\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u767e\u59d3\u5fc3\u4e3a\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5584\u8005\uff0c\u543e\u5584\u4e4b\uff1b\u4e0d\u5584\u8005\uff0c\u543e\u4ea6\u5584\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fb7\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fe1\u8005\uff0c\u543e\u4fe1\u4e4b\uff1b\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8005\uff0c\u543e\u4ea6\u4fe1\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fb7\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5723\u4eba\u5728\u5929\u4e0b\u6b59\u6b59\u7109\uff0c\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u6d51\u5176\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767e\u59d3\u7686\u6ce8\u5176\u8033\u76ee\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u7686\u5b69\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sage has no constant mind;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He takes the people\u2019s heart as his own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the good, I am good;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the not-good, I am also good\u2014thus virtue is good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the trustworthy, I am trusting;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the untrustworthy, I am also trusting\u2014thus virtue is trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sage is broad-minded in the world,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blending his heart with all under Heaven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people focus their eyes and ears,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the sage treats them all like children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u5723\u4eba\u65e0\u5e38\u5fc3\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u5723\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u79c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u968f\u6c11\u4f17\u800c\u8f6c\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u5584\u610f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why is it said \u201cthe sage has no constant mind\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because the sage is impartial, treating all with equal kindness and trust, without fixed bias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51fa\u751f\u5165\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u4e4b\u5f92\uff0c\u5341\u6709\u4e09\uff1b\u6b7b\u4e4b\u5f92\uff0c\u5341\u6709\u4e09\uff1b\u4eba\u4e4b\u751f\uff0c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e8e\u6b7b\u5730\uff0c\u4ea6\u5341\u6709\u4e09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u4f55\u6545\uff1f\u4ee5\u5176\u751f\u751f\u4e4b\u539a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76d6\u95fb\u5584\u6444\u751f\u8005\uff0c\u9646\u884c\u4e0d\u9047\u5155\u864e\uff0c\u5165\u519b\u4e0d\u88ab\u7532\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5155\u65e0\u6240\u6295\u5176\u89d2\uff0c\u864e\u65e0\u6240\u63aa\u5176\u722a\uff0c\u5175\u65e0\u6240\u5bb9\u5176\u5203\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u4f55\u6545\uff1f\u4ee5\u5176\u65e0\u6b7b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From birth to death\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of those who live, one-third are followers of life;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of those who die, one-third are followers of death;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of those who live but move toward death, also one-third.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why is this?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they cling too heavily to life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have heard that those who are skilled in nurturing life<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do not meet rhinoceroses or tigers on land,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nor are touched by weapons in battle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rhinoceros finds no place to thrust its horn;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tiger finds no place to use its claws;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weapons find no place to strike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why is this?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because such people dwell in no place of death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u5584\u6444\u751f\u8005\u65e0\u6b7b\u5730\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u61c2\u5f97\u517b\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u6267\u7740\u8d2a\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u907f\u5f00\u707e\u7978\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5b81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does it say \u201cthe one skilled in nurturing life has no place of death\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because those who live in harmony with nature, free from excess desire, avoid danger\u2014thus, they do not dwell in a place of death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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