{"id":10709,"date":"2025-09-04T18:09:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T08:09:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/2025\/09\/04\/%e3%80%8a%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86-%c2%b7-%e8%a6%81%e7%b4%a0%e8%ae%ba-%c2%b7-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%8d%b7-%c2%b7-%e5%ae%9e\/"},"modified":"2025-09-11T14:07:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T04:07:31","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86-%c2%b7-%e8%a6%81%e7%b4%a0%e8%ae%ba-%c2%b7-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%8d%b7-%c2%b7-%e5%ae%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86-%c2%b7-%e8%a6%81%e7%b4%a0%e8%ae%ba-%c2%b7-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%8d%b7-%c2%b7-%e5%ae%9e\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u00b7 \u8981\u7d20\u8bba \u00b7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u5377 \u00b7 \u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8bba \u00b7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5206\u6790Analytic of the Principles of Pure Practical Reason"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u4ece \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u00b7 \u8981\u7d20\u8bba \u00b7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u5377 \u00b7 \u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8bba \u00b7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u5bfc\u8bfb\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9644\u4e0a\u95ee\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u9010\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377 \u00b7 \u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Book I \u00b7 Analytic of Practical Reason<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter I: Analytic of the Principles of Pure Practical Reason<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b80\u8981\u5bfc\u8bfb (\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u533a\u5206\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u52a8\u673a\u201d\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u4e50\u6216\u907f\u514d\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u53ea\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u7167\u4f60\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u53bb\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u5728\u7684\u529f\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The core of this chapter is to distinguish \u201cpractical reason\u201d from \u201cempirical motives.\u201d Kant argues that moral action is not driven by the pursuit of pleasure or the avoidance of pain but by the principles of pure practical reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He introduces the \u201cCategorical Imperative\u201d as the supreme principle of practice: \u201cAct only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, the moral law does not rely on external utility but on inner necessity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9 (Key Points)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027 (Universality of the moral law)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6027 (Purity of moral motivation)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u524d\u63d0 (Freedom and autonomy as presuppositions)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q1 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5426\u5b9a\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A1 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5feb\u4e50\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u666e\u904d\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q1 English: Why does Kant reject \u201cpleasure\u201d as the basis of morality?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A1 English: Because pleasure is empirical and lacks universal necessity; it cannot serve as the foundation of the moral law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q2 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u5b9a\u8a00\u4ee4\u5f0f\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A2 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q2 English: What is the \u201cCategorical Imperative\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A2 English: It is the fundamental principle of practical reason, requiring that maxims of action must be capable of universalization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q3 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u73b0\u81ea\u7531\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A3 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4eba\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u652f\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q3 English: How does this chapter relate to freedom?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A3 English: Because only if man is regarded as free can he follow the moral law, rather than being governed by natural inclinations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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