{"id":10699,"date":"2025-09-04T08:50:36","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T22:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10699"},"modified":"2025-09-04T08:50:36","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T22:50:36","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e5%9b%9b%e5%8d%81%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e5%9b%9b%e5%8d%81%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u81f3\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 36-40"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Photo by Geoffrey Chen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c06\u6b32\u6b59\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u5f20\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c06\u6b32\u5f31\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u5f3a\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c06\u6b32\u5e9f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u5174\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c06\u6b32\u593a\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u4e0e\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u8c13\u5fae\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u67d4\u5f31\u80dc\u521a\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9c7c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8131\u4e8e\u6e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u4e4b\u5229\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u793a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you would contract something,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You must surely first expand it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you would weaken something,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You must surely first strengthen it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you would abolish something,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You must surely first promote it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you would take something,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You must surely first give it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is called subtle clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The soft and weak overcome the hard and strong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fish must not leave the deep waters;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nation\u2019s sharpest weapons should not be displayed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u67d4\u5f31\u80dc\u521a\u5f3a\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d4\u80fd\u5305\u5bb9\u3001\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5f3a\u5219\u5bb9\u6613\u6298\u65ad\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u667a\u6167\u662f\u987a\u52bf\u800c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u786c\u78b0\u786c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why is it said \u201cthe soft and weak overcome the hard and strong\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because softness bends and adapts, while hardness breaks. True wisdom lies in yielding and transformation, not forceful opposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9053\u5e38\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u4e0d\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4faf\u738b\u82e5\u80fd\u5b88\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u5c06\u81ea\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5316\u800c\u6b32\u4f5c\uff0c\u543e\u5c06\u9547\u4e4b\u4ee5\u65e0\u540d\u4e4b\u6734\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u4ea6\u5c06\u65e0\u6b32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u6b32\u4ee5\u9759\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u5c06\u81ea\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dao always acts through non-action, yet nothing is left undone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If rulers could keep to it,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All things would transform by themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When transformation brings desires,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I would restrain them with nameless simplicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With simplicity, there will be no desire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without desire, there is stillness,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the world will naturally be at peace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u4e0d\u4e3a\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u5984\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u7136\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5f3a\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What is \u201cnon-action yet nothing left undone\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: It does not mean doing nothing, but acting in accord with nature. Thus, all is accomplished without force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u5fb7\u4e0d\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u6709\u5fb7\uff1b\u4e0b\u5fb7\u4e0d\u5931\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u65e0\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u5fb7\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff1b\u4e0b\u5fb7\u4e3a\u4e4b\u800c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u4ec1\u4e3a\u4e4b\u800c\u65e0\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff1b\u4e0a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e4b\u800c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u793c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u800c\u83ab\u4e4b\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u6518\u81c2\u800c\u6254\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u5931\u9053\u800c\u540e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5931\u5fb7\u800c\u540e\u4ec1\uff0c\u5931\u4ec1\u800c\u540e\u4e49\uff0c\u5931\u4e49\u800c\u540e\u793c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u793c\u8005\uff0c\u5fe0\u4fe1\u4e4b\u8584\uff0c\u800c\u4e71\u4e4b\u9996\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u524d\u8bc6\u8005\uff0c\u9053\u4e4b\u534e\uff0c\u800c\u611a\u4e4b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4ee5\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u5904\u5176\u539a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c45\u5176\u8584\uff1b\u5904\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c45\u5176\u534e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u53bb\u5f7c\u53d6\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Highest virtue is not conscious of virtue, and so it truly has virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lowest virtue never departs from virtue, and so it lacks virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Highest virtue acts without acting;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lowest virtue acts with intention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Highest benevolence acts without intention;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Highest righteousness acts with intention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Highest propriety acts, but when no one responds, it stretches its arms and enforces it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, when Dao is lost, virtue arises;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When virtue is lost, benevolence arises;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When benevolence is lost, righteousness arises;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When righteousness is lost, propriety arises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propriety is the thinness of loyalty and faith,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the beginning of disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foreknowledge is the ornament of Dao,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the beginning of folly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, the great man dwells in substance, not in surface;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fruit, not in flower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, he chooses the latter and leaves the former.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u5931\u9053\u800c\u540e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5931\u5fb7\u800c\u540e\u4ec1\uff0c\u5931\u4ec1\u800c\u540e\u4e49\uff0c\u5931\u4e49\u800c\u540e\u793c\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u8001\u5b50\u5bf9\u6587\u660e\u5c42\u5c42\u9000\u5316\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u9053\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u771f\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u9053\u624d\u9700\u8981\u5fb7\uff0c\u518d\u9000\u5316\u624d\u6709\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u793c\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does it say \u201cwhen Dao is lost, virtue arises; when virtue is lost, benevolence arises,\u201d etc.?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Laozi critiques civilization\u2019s decline. Dao is natural truth; losing it leads to artificial layers\u2014virtue, benevolence, righteousness, propriety\u2014progressively more superficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6614\u4e4b\u5f97\u4e00\u8005\uff1a\u5929\u5f97\u4e00\u4ee5\u6e05\uff0c\u5730\u5f97\u4e00\u4ee5\u5b81\uff0c\u795e\u5f97\u4e00\u4ee5\u7075\uff0c\u8c37\u5f97\u4e00\u4ee5\u76c8\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u7269\u5f97\u4e00\u4ee5\u751f\uff0c\u4faf\u738b\u5f97\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u81f4\u4e4b\u4e5f\uff1a\u8c13\u5929\u65e0\u4ee5\u6e05\u5c06\u6050\u88c2\uff0c\u5730\u65e0\u4ee5\u5b81\u5c06\u6050\u5e9f\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u795e\u65e0\u4ee5\u7075\u5c06\u6050\u6b47\uff0c\u8c37\u65e0\u4ee5\u76c8\u5c06\u6050\u7aed\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u65e0\u4ee5\u751f\u5c06\u6050\u706d\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4faf\u738b\u65e0\u4ee5\u8d35\u9ad8\u5c06\u6050\u8e76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u8d35\u4ee5\u8d31\u4e3a\u672c\uff0c\u9ad8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4ee5\u4faf\u738b\u81ea\u8c13\u5b64\u3001\u5be1\u3001\u4e0d\u8c37\u3002\u6b64\u5176\u8d31\u4e4b\u4e3a\u672c\u8036\uff1f\u975e\u4e4e\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u81f4\u6570\u8f66\u65e0\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u6b32\u742d\u742d\u5982\u7389\uff0c\u73de\u73de\u5982\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In ancient times, those who attained the One:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heaven attained the One and became clear;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Earth attained the One and became stable;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spirits attained the One and became divine;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valleys attained the One and became full;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All things attained the One and lived;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rulers attained the One and brought order to the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If Heaven lost the One, it would split;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If Earth lost the One, it would collapse;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If spirits lost the One, they would vanish;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If valleys lost the One, they would dry;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If all things lost the One, they would perish;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If rulers lost the One, they would fall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, nobility is rooted in humility;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Height is founded on lowliness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus rulers call themselves \u201corphaned, widowed, unworthy\u201d\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is this not acknowledging their root in humility?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hence, the greatest adornment is no adornment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do not desire to shine like jade,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But be solid like stone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u201d\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u201d\u6307\u5927\u9053\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u6839\u672c\u3002\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u82e5\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5d29\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cthe One\u201d mean here?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: It refers to Dao as the fundamental unity. Without it, Heaven, Earth, beings, and rulers lose stability and perish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u7ae0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53cd\u8005\u9053\u4e4b\u52a8\uff1b\u5f31\u8005\u9053\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u4e0b\u4e07\u7269\u751f\u4e8e\u6709\uff0c\u6709\u751f\u4e8e\u65e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reversal is the movement of Dao;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weakness is the function of Dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All things under Heaven are born from being;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being is born from non-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u53cd\u8005\u9053\u4e4b\u52a8\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u4e07\u7269\u76db\u6781\u5fc5\u8870\u3001\u8870\u6781\u5fc5\u76db\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9053\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u5f31\u8005\u9053\u4e4b\u7528\u201d\u5219\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u67d4\u5f31\u624d\u662f\u5927\u9053\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does it say \u201creversal is the movement of Dao\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because in nature, everything turns into its opposite\u2014prosperity declines, decline brings growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWeakness is the function of Dao\u201d reminds us that true power lies in softness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5c06\u6b32\u6b59\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u5f20\u4e4b\uff1b
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\n\u5c06\u6b32\u5e9f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u5174\u4e4b\uff1b
\n\u5c06\u6b32\u593a\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u56fa\u4e0e\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783695773],"tags":[5367918],"class_list":["post-10699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-study-notes-on-daoist-philosophy","tag-5367918","post_format-post-format-image","","has-post-thumbnail","fallback-thumbnail"],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u81f3\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 36-40"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2Mz","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10699"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10700,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10699\/revisions\/10700"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}