{"id":10685,"date":"2025-09-03T21:14:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T11:14:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10685"},"modified":"2025-09-03T21:14:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T11:14:48","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%8e%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%96%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8-being-for-others%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%8e%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%96%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8-being-for-others%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%96\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728 (Being-for-others)\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728(The Existence of the Other)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165 \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728 (Being-for-others)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u4e2d\u5f20\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u628a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u201c\u6b32\u671b\u201d\u201c\u7231\u4e0e\u6068\u201d\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728 (Being-for-others<\/strong>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728 (The Existence of the Other<\/strong>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167 (Bilingual Text)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Other is not an object among objects. The Other is given through the experience of being-seen. When I feel the gaze upon me, I discover a dimension of my being which is outside of my own subjectivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u800c\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5b83\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Look, I become aware of myself as object. My freedom encounters the freedom of the Other. Thus, the presence of the Other is at once a revelation and a threat: a revelation of my objecthood, and a threat to my subjectivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u51dd\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9047\u89c1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65e2\u662f\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5a01\u80c1\uff1a\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5a01\u80c1\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The struggle with the Other is not accidental but essential. Human relations are defined by the attempt to reconcile or dominate this duality of being-subject and being-object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u8c03\u548c\u6216\u652f\u914d\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u65e2\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u53c8\u662f\u5ba2\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3 (Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u63ed\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51dd\u89c6\uff08the Look\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5728\u6b64\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f20\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u65e2\u60f3\u4fdd\u6301\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(The Other reveals itself through the Look, where I realize myself as an object. My freedom meets the Other\u2019s freedom, creating tension. Human relations are essentially shaped by this unavoidable conflict.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u51dd\u89c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5ba2\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because under the Other\u2019s gaze, I am no longer only a subject but fixed as an object, which undermines my sense of freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u548c\u8c10\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u5728\u8428\u7279\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u603b\u662f\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): For Sartre, human relations are always marked by tension and conflict, but this is an unavoidable part of human existence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u770b\u5f88\u50cf\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u8428\u7279\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u4f53\/\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): It looks psychological, but Sartre\u2019s aim was ontological: to show that the essence of human existence is this duality of subject and object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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