{"id":10677,"date":"2025-09-03T18:39:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T08:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10677"},"modified":"2025-09-03T18:47:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T08:47:07","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%8e%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e8%87%aa%e4%b8%ba%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8-%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%8e%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e8%87%aa%e4%b8%ba%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8-%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728 \u2013 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6027 (Temporality of the For-itself)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5165 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728 \u2013 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6027 (Temporality of the For-itself)\u3002\u8428\u7279\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5168\u4e66\u91cc\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728 (<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Being-for-itself<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027 (<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Temporality of the For-itself<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167 (Bilingual Text)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The for-itself is essentially temporal. It projects itself toward the future, retains the past, and exists in the present only as a relation between what it was and what it will be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u5411\u672a\u6765\u6295\u5c04\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The past is not fixed in itself; it is constantly reinterpreted by the for-itself in light of its projects. The future is not yet, but it structures the present as possibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u672a\u6765\u5c1a\u672a\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u5374\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5851\u9020\u7740\u5f53\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This temporal structure reveals freedom: the for-itself is never identical to what it is now, because it always surpasses itself toward what it will be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4ece\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5b83\u5f53\u4e0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u5b83\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3 (Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u662f\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e09\u91cd\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u3001\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fc7\u53bb\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u5c01\u95ed\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u73b0\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Temporality is the structure of the for-itself. The past is constantly reinterpreted, the future structures the present as possibility, and the present is the interplay of both. Freedom is identical with this temporal transcendence.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u80cc\u8d1f\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u949f\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because consciousness is not just the present fact; it always carries the past and projects toward the future. Time is not external clock time but the structure of consciousness itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u8428\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): No. Sartre held that the meaning of the past changes as we choose in the present. Events cannot change, but their significance is constantly rewritten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u5173\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u672a\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because the future is possibility, and freedom lies in the ability of consciousness to negate the given and move toward new possibilities. The future is the space of freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8428\u7279\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8428\u7279\u5bf9\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u949f\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u8428\u7279\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6d41\u901d<br>\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u949f\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5206\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u725b\u987f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fc7\u53bb\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u5c1a\u672a\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u76f4\u89c2\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u5728 (Dasein) \u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6027\u4f18\u5148\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8428\u7279\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4 = \u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u65ad\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u603b\u7ed3 (Bilingual Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u8428\u7279\u7684\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u949f\u8868\u7684\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u3001\u672a\u6765\u4e09\u91cd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English: Sartre\u2019s \u201ctime\u201d is not the physical passing of clocks but the very mode of being of the for-itself. It consists of past, present, and future, all shaped by the freedom of transcendence. Time is the unfolding of consciousness itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. \u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8428\u7279\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8428\u7279\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Scientific time is an objective measurement, while Sartre\u2019s time is the subjective structure of being, the movement of consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6b63\u662f\u672a\u6765\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because freedom is the constant surpassing of the present, and this surpassing is precisely the manifestation of futurity and temporality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8428\u7279\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u8428\u7279\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4 = \u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027 (\u6d41\u53d8\u6027)<br>\u610f\u8bc6\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u5f53\u4e0b\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4 = \u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411 (\u672a\u6765\u6027\u5bfc\u5411)<br>\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u672a\u6765\u6240\u7275\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5728\u8428\u7279\u90a3\u91cc\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fc7\u53bb (past)\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u5c01\u95ed\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u524d\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u5199\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73b0\u5728 (present)\uff1a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u672a\u6765 (future)\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6295\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u603b\u7ed3 (Bilingual Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u8428\u7279\u7684\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u672a\u6765\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English: Sartre\u2019s concept of \u201ctime\u201d essentially refers to the flow and direction of consciousness. It is not physical passage but the way consciousness constantly departs from the past, unfolds in the present, and projects itself toward the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. \u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u672a\u6765\u6bd4\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u603b\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u672a\u6765\u7275\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because freedom means \u201cpossibility,\u201d and possibility always belongs to the future. Consciousness is temporal precisely because it is drawn forward by the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4fa7\u9762\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): They are two sides of the same coin. Freedom is the ability to transcend the present, while time is the form this transcendence takes.<br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u5411\u672a\u6765\u6295\u5c04\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783694611],"tags":[35745796,1868,42058,9581],"class_list":["post-10677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-philosophy-notes","tag-35745796","tag-philosophy","tag-sartre","tag-9581","post_format-post-format-image",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff1a\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728 \u2013 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6027 (Temporality of the For-itself)"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2Md","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10677"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10680,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10677\/revisions\/10680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}