{"id":10655,"date":"2025-09-03T16:07:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T06:07:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/2025\/09\/03\/%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%a6%e5%ae%9apart-one-the-problem-of-nothingness\/"},"modified":"2025-09-03T16:20:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T06:20:25","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%a6%e5%ae%9apart-one-the-problem-of-nothingness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%ef%bc%9a%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0%e8%99%9a%e6%97%a0%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%a6%e5%ae%9apart-one-the-problem-of-nothingness\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898 \u2013 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a(Part One: The Problem of Nothingness \u2013 Chapter 1: Nothingness and Negation)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Part One: The Problem of Nothingness \u2013 Chapter 1: Nothingness and Negation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167 (Bilingual Text)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nothingness does not come to the world from outside, nor does it exist in itself as some kind of substance. Rather, it lies at the very heart of human reality. Consciousness introduces nothingness into the world because it has the ability to negate, to say \u201cno,\u201d to distinguish what is not from what is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u865a\u65e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u628a\u865a\u65e0\u5e26\u5165\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u7684\u4e0e\u201c\u662f\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, when we enter a caf\u00e9 looking for a friend and fail to find him, our consciousness does not merely record the positive presence of tables, chairs, and strangers. It also apprehends the absence, the nothingness, of our friend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e00\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u5bfb\u627e\u670b\u53cb\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u684c\u6905\u548c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd8\u540c\u65f6\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u5373\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3 (Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65e5\u5e38\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u67d0\u4eba\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nothingness does not exist by itself; it is brought into the world by human consciousness, which has the power to negate. For example, when we fail to find a friend at a caf\u00e9, we don\u2019t just see what is there but also experience the absence of the friend.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8428\u7279\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u865a\u65e0\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u865a\u65e0\u53ea\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u901a\u8fc7\u5426\u5b9a\u628a\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5f15\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because nothingness appears only in acts of consciousness. Through negation, consciousness introduces the dimension of \u201cwhat is not.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u865a\u65e0\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u53bb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5374\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u201d\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u865a\u65e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): For instance, when we look for someone but do not find them, we become aware of their absence. Or when a project fails, we experience the unrealized possibility. These are experiences of nothingness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u865a\u65e0\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because consciousness can negate what is, freedom becomes possible. Nothingness opens up the possibility of transcending the given reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u5207\u4e2d\u8981\u5bb3\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u8428\u7279\u7684\u539f\u610f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8428\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u865a\u65e0 \u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u5426\u5b9a\u201d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e0b\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u4e0d\u88ab\u73b0\u5b9e\u9501\u6b7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u6211\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u522b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u5426\u5b9a\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5426\u5b9a = \u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<br>\u5426\u5b9a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a \u2192 \u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531<br>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u201d\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u673a\u68b0\u5730\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. \u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u603b\u7ed3 (Bilingual Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English: Yes, one can say that the power of negation is the very foundation of freedom. Only by being able to negate what is, can humans transcend reality and create new possibilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. \u95ee\u7b54 (Q&amp;A)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5426\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5426\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u6b63\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Because negation means \u201cit doesn\u2019t have to be this way.\u201d It reveals that the present state is not the only one; alternatives exist. Freedom is grounded in this awareness of possibilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u548c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54 (\u4e2d\u6587)\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u8428\u7279\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b58\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer (English): Kant sees freedom as rational self-legislation, while Sartre sees freedom as consciousness transcending reality. Kant stresses moral law, Sartre emphasizes existential experience.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u865a\u65e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u628a\u865a\u65e0\u5e26\u5165\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u7684\u4e0e\u201c\u662f\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783694611],"tags":[35745796,1868,42058,9581],"class_list":["post-10655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-philosophy-notes","tag-35745796","tag-philosophy","tag-sartre","tag-9581","post_format-post-format-image",""],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898 \u2013 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a(Part One: The Problem of Nothingness \u2013 Chapter 1: Nothingness and Negation)"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2LR","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10655"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10662,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10655\/revisions\/10662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}