{"id":10614,"date":"2025-09-02T17:43:16","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T07:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10614"},"modified":"2025-09-11T14:12:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T04:12:29","slug":"%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e3%80%8a%e7%ba%af%e7%b2%b9%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%c2%b7%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba%c2%b7%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e3%80%8a%e7%ba%af%e7%b2%b9%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%c2%b7%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba%c2%b7%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5eb7\u5fb7\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u00b7\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u00b7\u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u516c\u8bbe (Postulates of Empirical Thought)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" data-attachment-id=\"10226\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/img_5849-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img_5849.jpg?fit=1800%2C1012&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,1012\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.78&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 15 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1753530008&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6.7649998656528&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00014100394811055&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;latitude&quot;:&quot;-26.092158333333&quot;,&quot;longitude&quot;:&quot;113.57976666667&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"img_5849\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img_5849.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img_5849.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10226\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by Geoffrey Chen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u5165 \u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u516c\u8bbe (Postulates of Empirical Thought)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u201c\u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u201d\u91cc\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ec4\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \u6a21\u6001\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd6 \u300a\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5206\u8bba\u4e8c\uff1a\u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8bba (Analytic of Principles)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u516c\u7406 (Axioms of Intuition) \u2192 \u6570\u91cf (extensive magnitudes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u9884\u89c1 (Anticipations of Perception) \u2192 \u8d28\u91cf (intensive magnitudes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4 (Analogies of Experience) \u2192 \u5173\u7cfb (substance, causality, community)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u516c\u8bbe (Postulates of Empirical Thought) \u2192 \u6a21\u6001 (possibility, actuality, necessity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udcdc \u4e2d\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u7b80\u8981\u68b3\u7406\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u80cc\u666f<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u524d\u4e09\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5148\u5929\u89c4\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728 \u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f (Modality) \u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5148\u5929\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u516c\u8bbe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u516c\u8bbe\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 (Possibility)<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1a\u51e1\u662f\u80fd\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u88ab\u8868\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u516c\u8bbe\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027 (Actuality)<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u89c9\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u516c\u8bbe\uff1a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027 (Necessity)<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b\u800c\u88ab\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5148\u5929\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u4e49<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u8bbe\u5e76\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u5148\u5929\u6761\u4ef6\u5fc5\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udcdc English Content (Summary Translation)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Background<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first three principles governed the quantity, quality, and relation of objects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Now Kant addresses their modalities: possibility, actuality, and necessity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Postulates<br>Kant calls them \u201cpostulates\u201d because they do not add to the content of objects but determine their relation to experience.<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First Postulate: Possibility<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An object is possible if it conforms to the conditions of space and time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anything representable within spatio-temporal forms is possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second Postulate: Actuality<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An object is actual if it is connected with actual perception.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Without empirical reference, actuality cannot be asserted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third Postulate: Necessity<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An object is necessary if it follows from empirical laws.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Necessity is not logical necessity but the lawful determination of appearances in experience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overall Significance<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These postulates do not extend knowledge but clarify how we must understand modality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They ensure that possibility, actuality, and necessity are grounded in the a priori conditions of experience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u2726 \u7b80\u77ed\u603b\u7ed3\uff08\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e2d\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<br>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u516c\u8bbe\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u65f6\u7a7a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5148\u5929\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>English Summary:<br>The Postulates of Empirical Thought state: possibility depends on space and time, actuality on perception, and necessity on empirical laws. They provide the a priori ground for modes of existence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udcac \u95ee\u7b54\u5f0f\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5eb7\u5fb7\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u8bbe\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u539f\u7406\u90a3\u6837\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u88ab\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u89c9\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u51ed\u601d\u8fa8\u65ad\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u9075\u5faa\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u90fd\u7eb3\u5165\u5148\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ud83d\udcac Q&amp;A in English<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q: Why are these called \u201cpostulates\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A: Because they do not add content to objects but regulate how we conceive their relation to experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q: What does possibility mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A: That an object is possible if it can be represented under the conditions of space and time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q: What does actuality mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A: That an object is actual only if connected with perception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q: What does necessity mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A: That an object is necessary if it is determined by empirical laws, i.e., by the lawful order of nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q: What is the significance of this chapter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A: It clarifies modality, showing that possibility, actuality, and necessity are grounded in the a priori framework of experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u65f6\u7a7a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5148\u5929\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[36593],"tags":[787293858,1868,9581,5108138],"class_list":["post-10614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-kant","tag-kant","tag-philosophy","tag-9581","tag-5108138","post_format-post-format-image","","has-post-thumbnail","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2Lc","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10614"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10615,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10614\/revisions\/10615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}