{"id":10561,"date":"2025-08-31T10:23:49","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T00:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10561"},"modified":"2025-08-31T11:49:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T01:49:31","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 21-25"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b54\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5bb9\uff0c\u60df\u9053\u662f\u4ece\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9053\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7269\uff0c\u60df\u604d\u60df\u60da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u60da\u516e\u604d\u516e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8c61\uff1b\u604d\u516e\u60da\u516e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7a88\u516e\u51a5\u516e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u7cbe\uff1b\u5176\u7cbe\u751a\u771f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u53e4\u53ca\u4eca\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u4e0d\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u9605\u4f17\u752b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u543e\u4f55\u4ee5\u77e5\u4f17\u752b\u4e4b\u72b6\u54c9\uff1f\u4ee5\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The greatest virtue follows only the Dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Dao, as a thing, is vague and elusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elusive and vague\u2014within it there is form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vague and elusive\u2014within it there is substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deep and dark\u2014within it there is essence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That essence is supremely real, within it lies truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From ancient times until now, its name has never ceased,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through it we see the origin of all things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do I know the origin of all things?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By this Dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53cd\u590d\u7528\u201c\u604d\u60da\u201d\u201c\u7a88\u51a5\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u8001\u5b50\u5f3a\u8c03\u9053\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u8bf4\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u771f\u5b9e\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5fae\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why are \u201cvague\u201d and \u201celusive\u201d repeated here?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: To stress the ineffable nature of Dao. Though indescribable, it contains true essence\u2014the origin of all things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f2\u5219\u5168\uff0c\u6789\u5219\u76f4\uff0c\u6d3c\u5219\u76c8\uff0c\u655d\u5219\u65b0\uff0c\u5c11\u5219\u5f97\uff0c\u591a\u5219\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u62b1\u4e00\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c1\u6545\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u662f\u6545\u5f70\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u4f10\u6545\u6709\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u77dc\u6545\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u552f\u4e0d\u4e89\uff0c\u6545\u5929\u4e0b\u83ab\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e4\u4e4b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u66f2\u5219\u5168\u201d\u8005\uff0c\u5c82\u865a\u8a00\u54c9\uff01\u8bda\u5168\u800c\u5f52\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To be bent is to be preserved whole;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To be crooked is to be straightened;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To be low is to be filled;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To be worn out is to be renewed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To have little is to gain;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To have much is to be confused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the sage embraces the One as a model for the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because he does not display himself, he shines;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because he does not justify himself, he is distinguished;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because he does not boast, he has merit;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because he does not pride himself, he endures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is only by not contending<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That no one under Heaven can contend with him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The saying of the ancients, \u201cTo be bent is to be whole\u201d\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was it an empty phrase? Truly, one is whole in the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u66f2\u5219\u5168\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u610f\u601d\u662f\u67d4\u5f31\u3001\u8c26\u5351\u53cd\u800c\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5723\u4eba\u6548\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e89\u53cd\u80dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cto be bent is to be preserved whole\u201d mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: It means humility and yielding preserve life. The sage follows this principle: by not contending, he prevails.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e0c\u8a00\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u98d8\u98ce\u4e0d\u7ec8\u671d\uff0c\u9aa4\u96e8\u4e0d\u7ec8\u65e5\u3002\u5b70\u4e3a\u6b64\u8005\uff1f\u5929\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u5730\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e45\uff0c\u800c\u51b5\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e4e\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e8e\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u4e8e\u9053\uff1b\u5fb7\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u4e8e\u5fb7\uff1b\u5931\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u4e8e\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u4e8e\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u9053\u4ea6\u4e50\u5f97\u4e4b\uff1b\u540c\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8005\uff0c\u5fb7\u4ea6\u4e50\u5f97\u4e4b\uff1b\u540c\u4e8e\u5931\u8005\uff0c\u5931\u4ea6\u4e50\u5f97\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fe1\u4e0d\u8db3\u7109\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7109\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sparingly spoken words are natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus a whirlwind does not last all morning,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sudden rain does not last all day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who makes them so? Heaven and Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If even Heaven and Earth cannot last long,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How much less can humans?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, one who follows Dao is united with Dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One who follows virtue is united with virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One who follows loss is united with loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those united with Dao\u2014Dao accepts them with joy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those united with virtue\u2014virtue accepts them with joy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those united with loss\u2014loss also accepts them with joy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If trust is lacking, there is no trust in return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u5e0c\u8a00\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8a00\u8bed\u8981\u7b80\u7ea6\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5938\u9970\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u98ce\u96e8\u4e0d\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\uff0c\u865a\u5984\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6301\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cfew words are natural\u201d mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Words should be simple and natural. Just as storms cannot last long, exaggerated speech is unsustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f01\u8005\u4e0d\u7acb\uff1b\u8de8\u8005\u4e0d\u884c\uff1b\u81ea\u89c1\u8005\u4e0d\u660e\uff1b\u81ea\u662f\u8005\u4e0d\u5f70\uff1b\u81ea\u4f10\u8005\u65e0\u529f\uff1b\u81ea\u77dc\u8005\u4e0d\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u5728\u9053\u4e5f\uff0c\u66f0\u4f59\u98df\u8d58\u884c\u3002\u7269\u6216\u6076\u4e4b\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u9053\u8005\u4e0d\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who tiptoe cannot stand firm;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who stride cannot walk far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who show themselves are not enlightened;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who justify themselves are not distinguished;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who boast have no merit;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who are proud do not endure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the way of Dao, these are called excess food and useless actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All things dislike them;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus one who follows Dao avoids them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u597d\u81ea\u6211\u70ab\u8000\u3001\u6025\u529f\u8fd1\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8001\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4f59\u98df\u8d58\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u4e0d\u957f\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What kind of people are criticized here?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Those who show off, boast, or act excessively. Laozi calls such behavior \u201cexcess food and useless actions\u201d\u2014unnatural and unsustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u7269\u6df7\u6210\uff0c\u5148\u5929\u5730\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bc2\u516e\u5be5\u516e\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u800c\u4e0d\u6539\uff0c\u5468\u884c\u800c\u4e0d\u6b86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u5730\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u543e\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u5b57\u4e4b\u66f0\u9053\uff0c\u5f3a\u4e3a\u4e4b\u540d\u66f0\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u66f0\u901d\uff0c\u901d\u66f0\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fdc\u66f0\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u9053\u5927\uff0c\u5929\u5927\uff0c\u5730\u5927\uff0c\u4eba\u4ea6\u5927\u3002\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u56db\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5c45\u5176\u4e00\u7109\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u6cd5\u5730\uff0c\u5730\u6cd5\u5929\uff0c\u5929\u6cd5\u9053\uff0c\u9053\u6cd5\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is something formed in chaos,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Born before Heaven and Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silent and vast,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Standing alone, unchanging,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Circulating endlessly, never in danger\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It may be called the mother of Heaven and Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I do not know its name;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I call it Dao, and if forced to name it, I call it Great.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Great means to go forth;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To go forth means to go far;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To go far means to return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus Dao is great; Heaven is great; Earth is great; Man is also great.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Within the universe are four greatnesses, and Man is one of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Man follows Earth;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Earth follows Heaven;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heaven follows Dao;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dao follows what is natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79f0\u201c\u9053\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9053\u8d85\u8d8a\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u751f\u517b\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65e0\u7a77\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why is Dao called \u201cGreat\u201d here?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because Dao transcends and gives birth to Heaven and Earth, endless in operation and cyclic in nature. It is the ultimate principle of natural law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\n\u9053\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7269\uff0c\u60df\u604d\u60df\u60da\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[783695773],"tags":[5367918,1868,9581],"class_list":["post-10561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-study-notes-on-daoist-philosophy","tag-5367918","tag-philosophy","tag-9581","post_format-post-format-image","","has-post-thumbnail","fallback-thumbnail"],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 21-25"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1ar9H-2Kl","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17897162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10561"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10564,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10561\/revisions\/10564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}