{"id":10558,"date":"2025-08-31T10:18:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T00:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10558"},"modified":"2025-08-31T10:21:26","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T00:21:26","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters-11-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters-11-15\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 16-20"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f4\u865a\u6781\uff0c\u5b88\u9759\u7b03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u7269\u5e76\u4f5c\uff0c\u543e\u4ee5\u89c2\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u7269\u82b8\u82b8\uff0c\u5404\u590d\u5f52\u5176\u6839\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f52\u6839\u66f0\u9759\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u590d\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u590d\u547d\u66f0\u5e38\uff0c\u77e5\u5e38\u66f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u77e5\u5e38\uff0c\u5984\u4f5c\u51f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77e5\u5e38\u5bb9\uff0c\u5bb9\u4e43\u516c\uff0c\u516c\u4e43\u5168\uff0c\u5168\u4e43\u5929\uff0c\u5929\u4e43\u9053\uff0c\u9053\u4e43\u4e45\uff0c\u6b81\u8eab\u4e0d\u6b86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attain utmost emptiness;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maintain steadfast stillness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All things arise together,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I watch their return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All things flourish,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet each returns to its root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Returning to the root is called stillness;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stillness is called returning to life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Returning to life is called constancy;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing constancy is called enlightenment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not knowing constancy leads to recklessness and misfortune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing constancy brings tolerance;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tolerance leads to impartiality,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impartiality to wholeness,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wholeness to Heaven,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heaven to Dao,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dao to eternity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though the body perishes, there is no danger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u81f4\u865a\u6781\uff0c\u5b88\u9759\u7b03\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u7a7a\u7075\uff0c\u575a\u5b88\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u5b81\u9759\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u7e41\u76db\u540e\u5fc5\u7136\u5f52\u6839\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6d1e\u5bdf\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cattain utmost emptiness, maintain steadfast stillness\u201d mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: It means cultivating complete tranquility and silence. Observing how all things flourish yet return to their root reveals the eternal law of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0b\u77e5\u6709\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eb2\u800c\u8a89\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u754f\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4fae\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fe1\u4e0d\u8db3\u7109\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7109\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u60a0\u516e\uff0c\u5176\u8d35\u8a00\u3002\u529f\u6210\u4e8b\u9042\uff0c\u767e\u59d3\u7686\u8c13\u6211\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The highest rulers are scarcely known by their people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next are loved and praised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next are feared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next are despised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When trust is lacking, there is no trust in return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sage is reserved in speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the work is accomplished and the task completed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people all say, \u201cWe did it naturally.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8001\u5b50\u63a8\u5d07\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u6700\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e8b\u60c5\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u81ea\u7136\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What kind of leadership does Laozi value?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: The best leader is hardly noticed. When tasks are accomplished, people feel they did it naturally, without being forced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u9053\u5e9f\uff0c\u6709\u4ec1\u4e49\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u667a\u6167\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u4f2a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516d\u4eb2\u4e0d\u548c\uff0c\u6709\u5b5d\u6148\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u5bb6\u660f\u4e71\uff0c\u6709\u5fe0\u81e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the great Dao is abandoned,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There arises benevolence and righteousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When cleverness appears,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There arises great hypocrisy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When family relationships are not harmonious,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There arises filial piety and compassion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the state is in disorder,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There arise loyal ministers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u9053\u5e9f\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4ec1\u4e49\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u5927\u9053\u8fd0\u8f6c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u5916\u52a0\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5f53\u5927\u9053\u5931\u843d\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ec1\u4e49\u5b5d\u6148\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does benevolence arise only after Dao is lost?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: When Dao is present, harmony is natural. Once Dao is abandoned, artificial virtues like benevolence and filial piety are promoted as substitutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7edd\u5723\u5f03\u667a\uff0c\u6c11\u5229\u767e\u500d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7edd\u4ec1\u5f03\u4e49\uff0c\u6c11\u590d\u5b5d\u6148\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7edd\u5de7\u5f03\u5229\uff0c\u76d7\u8d3c\u65e0\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u4e09\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6587\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6545\u4ee4\u6709\u6240\u5c5e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c1\u7d20\u62b1\u6734\uff0c\u5c11\u79c1\u5be1\u6b32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cut off sageliness, abandon wisdom,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the people will benefit a hundredfold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cut off benevolence, abandon righteousness,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the people will return to filial piety and compassion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cut off cleverness, abandon profit,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And there will be no thieves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These three are superficial and not enough;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, let people belong to this instead:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See simplicity, embrace plainness,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reduce selfishness, lessen desires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u201c\u5723\u3001\u667a\u3001\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8001\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u865a\u4f2a\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5728\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u8d28\u6734\u4e0e\u65e0\u6b32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Does this mean Laozi rejects \u201csage, wisdom, benevolence, righteousness\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Not absolute rejection, but critique of their overemphasis. When exalted, they become artificial. True harmony lies in simplicity and reduced desires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7edd\u5b66\u65e0\u5fe7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u552f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u963f\uff0c\u76f8\u53bb\u51e0\u4f55\uff1f\u7f8e\u4e4b\u4e0e\u6076\uff0c\u76f8\u53bb\u4f55\u82e5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u754f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u754f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8352\u516e\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u592e\u54c9\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f17\u4eba\u7199\u7199\uff0c\u5982\u4eab\u592a\u7262\uff0c\u5982\u767b\u6625\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u72ec\u6cca\u516e\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u5146\uff1b\u5982\u5a74\u513f\u4e4b\u672a\u5b69\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5121\u5121\u516e\uff0c\u82e5\u65e0\u6240\u5f52\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f17\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u4f59\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u72ec\u82e5\u9057\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u611a\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4e5f\u54c9\uff01\u6c8c\u6c8c\u516e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fd7\u4eba\u662d\u662d\uff0c\u6211\u72ec\u660f\u660f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fd7\u4eba\u5bdf\u5bdf\uff0c\u6211\u72ec\u95f7\u95f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6fb9\u516e\u5176\u82e5\u6d77\uff0c\u98c2\u516e\u82e5\u65e0\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f17\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u4ee5\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u72ec\u987d\u4e14\u9119\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u72ec\u5f02\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u8d35\u98df\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abandon learning, and be free of worries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the difference between yes and no?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the difference between good and evil?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What people fear must also be feared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How endless is this confusion!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people are cheerful,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As if at a grand feast,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As if ascending the spring terrace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I alone am quiet, not yet showing signs,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like an infant before it smiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weary, as if without a home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people all have more,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But I alone seem left behind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My mind is that of a fool\u2014so dull!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The common people are bright and busy;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I alone am dark and still.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The common people are sharp and clever;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I alone am dull and slow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calm, like the sea;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drifting, without end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people all have purpose;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I alone am stubborn and simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I alone am different from others,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But I value being nourished by the Mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5145\u6ee1\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u53f9\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8001\u5b50\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u543b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u4eba\u505a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4e16\u4eba\u8ffd\u9010\u806a\u660e\u3001\u6b22\u4e50\u3001\u529f\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u5219\u4fdd\u6301\u6734\u62d9\u548c\u5bc2\u9759\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u201c\u9053\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6bcd\u4f53\u6765\u6ecb\u517b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does this chapter sound so full of personal lament?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Laozi speaks in the first person, contrasting himself with the worldly crowd. While others chase cleverness and pleasure, he remains plain and calm, nourished by the Dao\u2014the great Mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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