{"id":10498,"date":"2025-08-30T11:20:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T01:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10498"},"modified":"2025-08-30T11:28:03","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T01:28:03","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters-11-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e3%80%8a%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e8%87%b3%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-study-notes-on-dao-de-jing-chapters-11-15\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u81f3\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 Study Notes on Dao De Jing, Chapters 11-15"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Photo by Geoffrey Chen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u5341\u8f90\uff0c\u5171\u4e00\u6bc2\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u65e0\uff0c\u6709\u8f66\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57cf\u57f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u65e0\uff0c\u6709\u5668\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51ff\u6237\u7256\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5ba4\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u65e0\uff0c\u6709\u5ba4\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u6709\u4e4b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5229\uff0c\u65e0\u4e4b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thirty spokes join in one hub;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the empty space in the center that makes the cart useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clay is shaped into a vessel;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the empty space inside that makes it useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doors and windows are cut for a room;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the empty space within that makes it livable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, being is beneficial,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But non-being makes it truly useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8001\u5b50\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u65e0\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u65e0\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8f66\u7684\u8f6e\u6bc2\u3001\u5668\u76bf\u7684\u7a7a\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8001\u5b50\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u865a\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does Laozi emphasize the role of \u201cnon-being\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Form gives structure, but function comes from emptiness\u2014for example, the hub, the hollow in vessels, the space in a room. Laozi teaches us to value the usefulness of \u201cemptiness.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u8272\u4ee4\u4eba\u76ee\u76f2\uff1b\u4e94\u97f3\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u804b\uff1b\u4e94\u5473\u4ee4\u4eba\u53e3\u723d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9a70\u9a8b\u754b\u730e\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u53d1\u72c2\uff1b\u96be\u5f97\u4e4b\u8d27\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u884c\u59a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u4e3a\u8179\u4e0d\u4e3a\u76ee\uff0c\u6545\u53bb\u5f7c\u53d6\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The five colors blind the eyes;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The five tones deafen the ears;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The five flavors dull the mouth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Racing and hunting make the mind wild;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rare treasures hinder one\u2019s actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the sage cares for the belly, not for the eyes;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He discards the superficial and holds to the essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u7ae0\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u548c\u4eab\u4e50\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u6c89\u8ff7\u5916\u5728\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u4eab\u53d7\u3002\u5723\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u517b\u751f\u4e0e\u5185\u5728\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8ffd\u9010\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Is this chapter against beauty and pleasure?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Not outright denial, but a warning against obsession with sensory indulgence. The sage values nourishment and inner peace over external stimulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ba0\u8fb1\u82e5\u60ca\uff0c\u8d35\u5927\u60a3\u82e5\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f55\u8c13\u5ba0\u8fb1\u82e5\u60ca\uff1f\u5ba0\u4e3a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f97\u4e4b\u82e5\u60ca\uff0c\u5931\u4e4b\u82e5\u60ca\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u5ba0\u8fb1\u82e5\u60ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f55\u8c13\u8d35\u5927\u60a3\u82e5\u8eab\uff1f\u543e\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5927\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u543e\u6709\u8eab\uff0c\u53ca\u543e\u65e0\u8eab\uff0c\u543e\u6709\u4f55\u60a3\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u8d35\u4ee5\u8eab\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u53ef\u5bc4\u5929\u4e0b\uff1b\u7231\u4ee5\u8eab\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u53ef\u6258\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Favor and disgrace are both alarming;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regard great trouble as the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does it mean that favor and disgrace are alarming?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Favor is inferior\u2014when gained, be startled; when lost, be startled. This is favor and disgrace as alarming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does it mean to regard great trouble as the body?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The reason I have great trouble is because I have a body. If I had no body, what trouble could I have?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, if one values the body as much as the world, one can be entrusted with the world;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If one loves the body as much as the world, one can be given the world to care for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u5ba0\u8fb1\u82e5\u60ca\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u803b\u8fb1\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u52a8\u6447\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u8fc7\u5206\u5728\u610f\u5c31\u4f1a\u60ca\u60f6\u5931\u63aa\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f9d\u9644\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: What does \u201cfavor and disgrace are alarming\u201d mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Both honor and disgrace disturb the heart. Caring too much causes fear and instability. The sage teaches detachment from these fluctuations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u540d\u66f0\u5937\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u542c\u4e4b\u4e0d\u95fb\uff0c\u540d\u66f0\u5e0c\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u640f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u540d\u66f0\u5fae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u4e09\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u81f4\u8bd8\uff0c\u6545\u6df7\u800c\u4e3a\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4e0a\u4e0d\u76a6\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u4e0d\u6627\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ef3\u7ef3\u516e\u4e0d\u53ef\u540d\uff0c\u590d\u5f52\u4e8e\u65e0\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u8c13\u65e0\u72b6\u4e4b\u72b6\uff0c\u65e0\u7269\u4e4b\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u60da\u604d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fce\u4e4b\u4e0d\u89c1\u5176\u9996\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u89c1\u5176\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6267\u53e4\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fa1\u4eca\u4e4b\u6709\u3002\u80fd\u77e5\u53e4\u59cb\uff0c\u662f\u8c13\u9053\u7eaa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looked at but not seen\u2014it is called invisible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Listened to but not heard\u2014it is called inaudible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grasped but not held\u2014it is called intangible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These three are beyond inquiry, thus they blend into one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Above, it is not bright; below, it is not dark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continuous, unnameable, it returns again to nothingness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is called the form of the formless, the image of the imageless;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is called elusive and vague.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meet it and you cannot see its beginning;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Follow it and you cannot see its end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hold fast to the ancient Dao,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To master the present reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing the origin of the past\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is the thread of Dao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8001\u5b50\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u95fb\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u9053\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9053\u8d85\u8d8a\u611f\u5b98\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u65e2\u65e0\u5f62\u4e5f\u65e0\u58f0\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u8d2f\u901a\u53e4\u4eca\u3002\u8981\u4f53\u609f\u9053\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u8fd4\u5f52\u5185\u5fc3\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why does Laozi describe Dao as \u201cinvisible, inaudible, intangible\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Because Dao transcends the senses. It has no form or sound, yet it pervades all times. To grasp it, one must go beyond perception and rely on inner insight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e4\u4e4b\u5584\u4e3a\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u5fae\u5999\u7384\u901a\uff0c\u6df1\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u552f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bc6\uff0c\u6545\u5f3a\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8c6b\u516e\u82e5\u51ac\u6d89\u5ddd\uff1b\u72b9\u516e\u82e5\u754f\u56db\u90bb\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fe8\u516e\u5176\u82e5\u5bb9\uff1b\u6da3\u516e\u82e5\u51b0\u4e4b\u5c06\u91ca\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6566\u516e\u5176\u82e5\u6734\uff1b\u65f7\u516e\u5176\u82e5\u8c37\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6df7\u516e\u5176\u82e5\u6d4a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b70\u80fd\u6d4a\u4ee5\u9759\u4e4b\u5f90\u6e05\uff1f\u5b70\u80fd\u5b89\u4ee5\u52a8\u4e4b\u5f90\u751f\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fdd\u6b64\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b32\u76c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u592b\u552f\u4e0d\u76c8\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u853d\u800c\u65b0\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English Translation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ancient masters of Dao were subtle, mysterious, profound\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their depth could not be known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they could not be known, we can only describe them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cautious, as if crossing a winter stream;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Watchful, as if aware of neighbors;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dignified, like a guest;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yielding, like ice about to melt;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simple, like uncarved wood;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open, like a valley;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muddy, like turbid water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who can settle the mud and gradually make it clear?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who can stir the stillness and slowly bring it to life?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who hold to Dao do not seek fullness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they are not full,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They can be worn out and yet renewed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u7b54\u8bb2\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63cf\u8ff0\u53e4\u4ee3\u5723\u4eba\u50cf\u201c\u51b0\u5c06\u91ca\u3001\u8c37\u3001\u6d4a\u6c34\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u55bb\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8c26\u900a\u3001\u542b\u84c4\u3001\u67d4\u548c\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5723\u4eba\u50cf\u6d4a\u6c34\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u6c89\u9759\u81ea\u6e05\uff1b\u50cf\u51b0\u5c06\u91ca\uff0c\u67d4\u800c\u6709\u53d8\u3002\u4fee\u9053\u8005\u5e94\u6548\u6cd5\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q: Why are the ancient sages compared to \u201cmelting ice, a valley, turbid water\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: These metaphors show humility, subtlety, and gentleness. Like muddy water that clears when still, or ice that softens as it melts\u2014sages embody natural transformation and patience.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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