{"id":10464,"date":"2025-08-30T11:59:32","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T01:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/?p=10464"},"modified":"2025-09-11T14:14:03","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T04:14:03","slug":"%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e3%80%8a%e7%ba%af%e7%b2%b9%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%c2%b7%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba%c2%b7%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba%c2%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e3%80%8a%e7%ba%af%e7%b2%b9%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%e3%80%8b%c2%b7%e5%85%88%e9%aa%8c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba%c2%b7%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%ae%ba%c2%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5eb7\u5fb7\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u00b7\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u00b7\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u00b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u5411\u5bfc (The Clue to the Discovery of All Pure Concepts of the Understanding)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" data-attachment-id=\"8035\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geoffreychen.com\/zh\/img_3062\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/img_3062.jpg?fit=1000%2C562&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,562\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 15 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1751376279&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;2.2200000286119&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.000625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;latitude&quot;:&quot;-20.683136111111&quot;,&quot;longitude&quot;:&quot;139.49597222222&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"img_3062\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/img_3062.jpg?fit=1000%2C562&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geoffreychen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/img_3062.jpg?resize=1000%2C562&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8035\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by Geoffrey Chen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff1aAnalytic of Concepts \u2014 Chapter I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">The Clue to the Discovery of All Pure Concepts of the Understanding<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">If we abstract from all content of a judgment, and attend only to the mere form of understanding, we find that the function of thought in a judgment can be brought under four heads, each of which contains three moments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Quantity of Judgments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Universal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Particular<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Singular<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Quality of Judgments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Affirmative<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Negative<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Infinite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Relation of Judgments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Categorical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Hypothetical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Disjunctive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Modality of Judgments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Problematical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Assertorical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Apodeictical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">This yields a table of the logical functions of judgment. From this table we are able to derive a corresponding table of the pure concepts of the understanding, or categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Of Quantity: Unity, Plurality, Totality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Of Quality: Reality, Negation, Limitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Of Relation: Inherence and Subsistence (substance and accident), Causality and Dependence (cause and effect), Community (reciprocal interaction)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Of Modality: Possibility\u2013Impossibility, Existence\u2013Non-existence, Necessity\u2013Contingency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">These concepts are fundamental. They are pure a priori concepts which underlie all possible experience. They cannot be abstracted from experience, but are conditions of its very possibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u00b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u5411\u5bfc\uff08\u5373\u7eaf\u7cb9\u77e5\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u7ebf\u7d22\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6487\u5f00\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u7684\u7eaf\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u601d\u7ef4\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u5951\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u5224\u65ad\u7684\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5168\u79f0\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u7279\u79f0\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5355\u79f0\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u5224\u65ad\u7684\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u80af\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5426\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u65e0\u9650\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u76f4\u8a00\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5047\u8a00\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u9009\u8a00\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u5224\u65ad\u7684\u6a21\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6216\u7136\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u786e\u7136\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5fc5\u7136\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\uff0c\u5373\u8303\u7574\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u91cf\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u591a\u6837\u3001\u5168\u4f53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u8d28\uff1a\u5b9e\u5728\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5185\u5728\u4e0e\u4f9d\u5b58\uff08\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u4f9d\u8d56\uff08\u56e0\u4e0e\u679c\uff09\u3001\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff08\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u6a21\u6001\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u2014\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u2014\u5076\u7136<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p4 wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u7740\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2e3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684 \u8303\u7574\u8868 (Table of Categories)\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e \u5224\u65ad\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udcd1 \u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8868\u4e0e\u8303\u7574\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u5224\u65ad\u8868 (Table of Judgments)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u601d\u7ef4\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5224\u65ad\u201d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u8303\u7574\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u6bcf\u7c7b\u4e0b\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u91cf (Quantity) \u666e\u904d\u5224\u65ad\uff08Universal\uff09 \u7279\u6b8a\u5224\u65ad\uff08Particular\uff09 \u5355\u79f0\u5224\u65ad\uff08Singular\uff09 \u8d28 (Quality) \u80af\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad\uff08Affirmative\uff09 \u5426\u5b9a\u5224\u65ad\uff08Negative\uff09 \u65e0\u9650\u5224\u65ad\uff08Infinite\uff09 \u5173\u7cfb (Relation) \u76f4\u8a00\u5224\u65ad\uff08Categorical\uff09 \u5047\u8a00\u5224\u65ad\uff08Hypothetical\uff09 \u9009\u8a00\u5224\u65ad\uff08Disjunctive\uff09 \u6a21\u6001 (Modality) \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2014\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08Problematic\uff09 \u5b58\u5728\u2014\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff08Assertoric\uff09 \u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u2014\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff08Apodeictic\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">English Version<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">Quantity: Universal Particular Singular <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">Quality: Affirmative Negative Infinite <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">Relation: Categorical Hypothetical Disjunctive <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">Modality: Problematical (Possibility \/ Impossibility) Assertorical (Existence \/ Non-existence) Apodeictical (Necessity \/ Contingency)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u8303\u7574\u8868 (Table of Categories)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5373\u201c\u8303\u7574\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p3 wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c12 \u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u5f62\u5f0f \u2192 12 \u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u91cf \u5355\u4e00\u6027\uff08Unity\uff09 \u591a\u6570\u6027\uff08Plurality\uff09 \u5168\u4f53\u6027\uff08Totality\uff09 \u8d28 \u5b9e\u5728\u6027\uff08Reality\uff09 \u5426\u5b9a\u6027\uff08Negation\uff09 \u9650\u5236\u6027\uff08Limitation\uff09 \u5173\u7cfb \u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08Inherence and Subsistence, substance and accident\uff09 \u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u4f9d\u5b58\uff08Causality and Dependence\uff09 \u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff08Community, reciprocity between agent and patient\uff09 \u6a21\u6001 \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2014\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08Possibility \/ Impossibility\uff09 \u5b58\u5728\u2014\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff08Existence \/ Non-existence\uff09 \u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u2014\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff08Necessity \/ Contingency\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">English Version<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">Quantity Unity Plurality Totality Quality Reality Negation Limitation Relation Inherence and Subsistence (substance and accident) Causality and Dependence (cause and effect) Community (reciprocity between agent and patient) Modality Possibility \/ Impossibility Existence \/ Non-existence Necessity \/ Contingency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2726 \u7b80\u77ed\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"p1 wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u901a\u8fc7\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u8868\u683c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8303\u7574\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8303\u7574\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u7a7a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 English: Kant derives the table of categories from the table of judgments, showing that the categories are not arbitrary but necessarily rooted in the structure of reason.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kant derives the table of categories from the table of judgments, showing that the categories are not arbitrary but necessarily rooted in the structure of reason.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17897162,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_geoff_meta_description_en":"","_geoff_meta_description_zh":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[36593],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-kant","post_format-post-format-image","","has-post-thumbnail","fallback-thumbnail"],"translatepress_titles":{"en_AU":"\u5eb7\u5fb7\u300a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u00b7\u5148\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u00b7\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u00b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u5411\u5bfc 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